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Vine's Expository Dictionary: View Entry
TDNT Reference: 5:1030,816
Strong's Number G4645 matches the Greek σκληρύνω (sklērynō),
which occurs 33 times in 33 verses
in the LXX Greek.
“Their anger is cursed, for it is strong,
and their fury, for it is cruel!
I will disperse them throughout Jacob
and scatter them throughout Israel.
The LORD instructed Moses, “When you go back to Egypt, make sure you do before Pharaoh all the wonders that I have put within your power. But I will harden his heart[fn] so that he won’t let the people go.
“But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.
But the magicians of Egypt did the same thing by their occult practices. So Pharaoh’s heart was hard, and he would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.
“This is the finger of God,” the magicians said to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart was hard, and he would not listen to them, as the LORD had said.
But the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart and he did not listen to them, as the LORD had told Moses.
So Pharaoh’s heart was hard, and he did not let the Israelites go, as the LORD had said through Moses.
Then the LORD said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials so that I may do these miraculous signs of mine among them,[fn]
Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the LORD hardened Pharaoh’s heart, and he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.
“When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the LORD killed every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of humans and the firstborn of livestock. That is why I sacrifice to the LORD all the firstborn of the womb that are males, but I redeem all the firstborn of my sons.’
“I will harden Pharaoh’s heart so that he will pursue them. Then I will receive glory by means of Pharaoh and all his army, and the Egyptians will know that I am the LORD.” So the Israelites did this.
The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the Israelites, who were going out defiantly.[fn]
“As for me, I am going to harden the hearts of the Egyptians so that they will go in after them, and I will receive glory by means of Pharaoh, all his army, and his chariots and horsemen.
“But King Sihon of Heshbon would not let us travel through his land, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate in order to hand him over to you, as has now taken place.
The power of the Israelites continued to increase against King Jabin of Canaan until they destroyed him.
The men of Israel answered the men of Judah, “We have ten shares in the king, so we have a greater claim to David than you. Why then do you despise us? Weren’t we the first to speak of restoring our king? ” But the words of the men of Judah were harsher than those of the men of Israel.
Elijah replied, “You have asked for something difficult. If you see me being taken from you, you will have it. If not, you won’t.”
But they would not listen. Instead they became obstinate like[fn] their ancestors who did not believe the LORD their God.
“Your father made our yoke harsh. Therefore, lighten your father’s harsh service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”
He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar who had made him swear allegiance by God. He became obstinate[fn] and hardened his heart against returning to the LORD, the God of Israel.
But our ancestors acted arrogantly;
they became stiff-necked and did not listen to your commands.
They refused to listen
and did not remember your wonders
you performed among them.
They became stiff-necked and appointed a leader
to return to their slavery in Egypt.[fn]
But you are a forgiving God,
gracious and compassionate,
slow to anger and abounding in faithful love,
and you did not abandon them.
You warned them to turn back to your law,
but they acted arrogantly
and would not obey your commands.
They sinned against your ordinances,
which a person will live by if he does them.
They stubbornly resisted,[fn]
stiffened their necks, and would not obey.
Why, LORD, do you make us stray from your ways?
You harden our hearts so we do not fear[fn] you.
Return, because of your servants,
the tribes of your heritage.
“However, my people wouldn’t listen to me or pay attention but became obstinate; they did more evil than their ancestors.
“They wouldn’t listen or pay attention but became obstinate, not listening or accepting discipline.
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