καθώς (i. e.
καθ' ὡς), a particle found occasionally in secular authors from
Aristotle down for the Attic
καθά and
καθό, but emphatically censured by Phryn. and the Atticists; cf. Sturz, De dial. Maced. etc., p. 74ff;
Lob. ad Phryn., p. 425f; (
Winer's Grammar, 26 (25));
1. according as, just as, even as: in the first member of a comparison,
Luke 6:31;
1 John 2:27; followed by
οὕτως in the second member (cf.
Winer's Grammar, § 53, 5),
Luke 11:30;
Luke 17:26;
John 3:14;
2 Corinthians 1:5;
2 Corinthians 10:7;
Colossians 3:13;
1 John 2:6; followed by
καί also, John 15:9;
John 17:18;
John 20:21;
1 John 2:18;
1 John 4:17;
1 Corinthians 15:49; it is annexed to preceding words after the demonstrative
οὕτως,
Luke 24:24; with
οὕτως unexpressed,
Matthew 21:6;
Matthew 28:6;
Mark 16:7;
Luke 1:2,
55,
70;
Luke 11:1;
John 1:23;
John 5:23;
Acts 10:47 (here
L T Tr WH ὡς);
Acts 15:8;
Romans 1:13;
Romans 15:7;
1 Corinthians 8:2;
1 Corinthians 10:6;
2 Corinthians 1:14;
2 Corinthians 9:3;
2 Corinthians 11:12;
Ephesians 4:17, and often;
καθώς διδάσκω, agreeably to my method of teaching,
1 Corinthians 4:17;
καθώς γέγραπται,
Matthew 26:24;
Mark 9:13;
Acts 7:42;
Acts 15:15;
Romans 1:17, and often in Paul; the apodosis lacking, and to be gathered from the context:
καθώς παρεκάλεσα σε...
ἐν πίστει, namely,
οὕτω καί νῦν παρακαλῶ,
1 Timothy 1:3, cf.
Winers Grammar, 570 (530); (
Buttmann, 386 (331));
ἤρξατο αἰτεῖσθαι (namely,
οὕτω ποιεῖν αὐτοῖς),
καθώς κτλ..
Mark 15:8 (
Buttmann, § 151, 23 b.; cf.
Winer's Grammar, 584 (543f)); in comparison by contrary we find the negligent use:
ἀγαπῶμεν ἀλληλου,
οὐ καθώς Κάϊν κτλ.,
1 John 3:11f, cf. DeWette at the passage and
Winer's Grammar, 623 (579);
οὗτος ἐστιν ὁ ἄρτος...
οὐ καθώς etc., not such as they ate etc.,
John 6:58. with the verb
εἰμί, equivalent to Latin
qualis,
such as, 1 John 3:2; in a parenthesis,
1 Thessalonians 2:13 (as it is in truth).
2. according as i. e. in proportion as, in the degree that:
Mark 4:33;
Acts 7:17 (cf. Meyer at the passage);
Acts 11:29;
1 Corinthians 12:11,
18;
1 Peter 4:10.
3. since, seeing that, agreeably to the fact that (cf.
Winer's Grammar, § 53, 8; 448 (417)):
John 17:2;
Romans 1:28 (yet here others regard
καθώς as corresponsive rather than causal or explanatory);
1 Corinthians 1:6;
1 Corinthians 5:7;
Ephesians 1:4;
Philippians 1:7.
4. it is put for the simple
ὡς,
a. after verbs of speaking, in indirect discourse,
Acts 15:14; it serves to add an epexegesis,
3 John 1:3 (to
σου τῇ ἀλήθεια).
b. of time,
when, after that (cf. Latin
ut): 2 Macc. 1:31; (
Nehemiah 5:6); here many bring in
Acts 7:17; but see 2 above.
THAYER’S GREEK LEXICON, Electronic Database.
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