γράφω; [imperfect
ἔγραφον]; future
γράψω; 1 aorist
ἔγραψα; perfect
γέγραφα; passive [present
γράφομαι]; perfect
γέγραμμαι; [pluperfect 3 person singular
ἐγέγραπτο,
Revelation 17:8 Lachmann]; 2 aorist
ἐγράφην; (properly,
to grave, scrape, scratch, engrave; cf. German
graben,
eingraben;
γράψεν δὲ οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις αἰχμή, Homer, Iliad 17, 599;
σήματα γράψας ἐν πίνακι, ibid. 6, 169; hence,
to draw letters),
to write;
1. with reference to the form of the letters;
to delineate (or
form)
letters on a tablet, parchment, paper, or other material:
τῷ δακτύλῳ ἔγραφεν εἰς τὴν γῆν made figures on the ground,
John 8:6 Rec.;
οὕτω γράφω so I am accustomed to form my letters,
2 Thessalonians 3:17;
πηλίκοις γράμμασι ἔγραψα with how large (and so, ill-formed [?]) letters I have written,
Galatians 6:11; cf. Winer, Rückert, Hilgenfeld at the passage [for the views of those who regard
ἔγρ. as covering the close of the Epistle only, see Bp. Lightfoot and Meyer; cf. Winers Grammar, 278 (261); Buttmann, 198 (171f)].
2. with reference to the contents of the writing;
a. to express in written characters, followed by the words expressed:
ἔγραψε λέγων·
Ἰωάννης ἐστὶ τὸ ὄνομα αὐτοῦ,
Luke 1:63;
μὴ γράφε·
ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων κτλ.,
John 19:21;
γράψον·
μακάριοι κτλ.,
Revelation 14:13.
γράφω τι,
John 19:22; passive
Revelation 1:3;
τὶ ἐπί τι,
Revelation 2:17;
Revelation 19:16;
τὶ ἐπί τινα,
Revelation 3:12;
ἐπί τινος,
Revelation 14:1.
b. to commit to writing (things not to be forgotten),
write down, record:
Revelation 1:19 (
γράψον ἃ εἶδες);
Revelation 10:4;
γράφειν εἰς βιβλίον,
Revelation 1:11;
ἐπὶ τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς,
Revelation 17:8;
γεγραμμ.
ἐν τ.
βιβλίῳ [or
τῇ βίβλῳ],
ἐν τοῖς βιβλίοις,
Revelation 13:8;
Revelation 20:12,
15;
Revelation 21:27;
Revelation 22:18,
19;
τὰ ὀνόματα ὑμῶν ἐγράφη [
ἐν- (
ἐγ- Tr see
N, ν)
γέγρ.
T Tr WH] ἐν τοῖς οὐρανοῖς,
i. e. that ye have been enrolled with those for whom eternal blessedness has been prepared,
Luke 10:20;
γράφειν τί τινι, to record something for someone's use,
Luke 1:3.
c. ἐγράφη and
γέγραπται (in the Synoptists and Paul), and
γεγραμμένον ἐστί (in John), are used of those things which stand written in the sacred books (of the
O. T.); absolutely
γέγραπται, followed by the quotation from the sacred vol.:
Matthew 4:4,
6f,
10;
Matthew 21:13;
Mark 7:6;
Mark 11:17;
Mark 14:27;
Luke 4:8;
Luke 19:46;
καθὼς γέγραπται,
Acts 15:15, very often in Paul, as
Romans 1:17;
Romans 2:24;
Romans 3:4 [see below];
1 Corinthians 1:31;
1 Corinthians 2:9;
2 Corinthians 8:15;
2 Corinthians 9:9;
καθάπερ γέγρ.,
Romans 11:8 T Tr WH; [
Romans 3:4 T Tr WH]; γέγραπται γάρ,
Matthew 26:31;
Luke 4:10;
Acts 23:5;
Romans 12:19;
Romans 14:11;
1 Corinthians 3:19;
Galatians 3:10,
13 Rec.;
Gal 4:22,
27;
ὁ λόγος ὁ γεγραμμένος,
1 Corinthians 15:54;
κατὰ τὸ γεγραμμένον,
2 Corinthians 4:13;
γεγραμμένον ἐστί,
John 2:17;
John 6:31;
John 12:14;
ἐγράφη δὲ πρὸς νουθεσίαν ἡμῶν,
1 Corinthians 10:11;
ἐγράφη δἰ ἡμᾶς for our sake,
Romans 4:24;
1 Corinthians 9:10; with the name of the author of the written words or of the books in which they are found:
γέγραπται ἐν βίβλῳ ψαλμῶν,
Acts 1:20;
ἐν βίβλῳ τῶν προφητῶν,
Acts 7:42;
ἐν τῷ πρώτῳ [R WH δευτέρῳ]
ψαλμῷ,
Acts 13:33;
ἐν Ἠσαΐᾳ,
Mark 1:2 [not
Rec.], etc.
τινά or
τί to write of, i. e. in writing to mention or
refer to a person or a thing:
ὃν ἔγραψε Μωϋσῆς whom Moses had in mind in writing of the Messiah, or whose likeness Moses delineated,
John 1:45 (
John 1:46);
Μωϋσῆς γράφει τὴν δικαιοσύνην τὴν ἐκ νόμου, Moses, writing the words
ὅτι ὁ ποιήσας αὐτά κτλ., points out the righteousness which is of the law,
Romans 10:5.
γέγραπται,
γράφειν, etc.
περί τινος, concerning one:
Matthew 26:24;
Mark 14:21;
John 5:46;
Acts 13:29;
ἐπὶ τὸν υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου, that it should find fulfilment in him,
Mark 9:12f [cf.
ἵνα, II. 2b.];
ἐπ’ αὐτῷ, on him
i. e. of him (cf. Winer's Grammar, 393 (368) [and
ἐπί, Buttmann, 2f.
β.]),
John 12:16;
τὰ γεγραμμένα τῷ υἱῷ τοῦ ἀνθρ. written for him, allotted to him in Scripture,
i. e. to be accomplished in his career,
Luke 18:31; cf. Winers Grammar, § 31, 4; [yet cf. Buttmann, 178 (154)];
Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ὑμῖν ἵνα etc. Moses in the Scripture commanded us that etc. [cf. Buttmann, 237 (204)],
Mark 12:19;
Luke 20:28.
d. γράφειν τινί to write to one,
i. e. by writing (in a written epistle)
to give information, directions, etc.
to one:
Romans 15:15;
2 Corinthians 2:4,
9 [dative implied];
2 Cor 7:12;
Philemon 1:21;
2 Peter 3:15;
1 John 2:12ff;
δἰ ὀλίγων,
1 Peter 5:12;
διὰ μέλανος καὶ καλάμου,
3 John 1:13; followed by the words written or to be written in the letter:
Acts 15:23;
Revelation 2:1,
8,
12,
18;
Revelation 3:1,
7,
14;
γράφειν τινί τι,
1 Corinthians 14:37;
2 Corinthians 1:13;
2 Corinthians 2:3 [L T Tr WH omit the dative];
Galatians 1:20;
1 Timothy 3:14;
1 John 1:4 [R G L]; 1 John 2:1;
περί τινος,
1 John 2:26;
Acts 25:26;
2 Corinthians 9:1;
1 Thessalonians 4:9;
1 Thessalonians 5:1;
Jude 1:3;
διὰ χειρός τινος, to send a letter by one,
Acts 15:23 [see
χείρ];
γράφειν τινί, followed by an infinitive, by letter to bid one do a thing,
Acts 18:27; followed by
μή with an infinitive (to forbid, write one not to etc.),
1 Corinthians 5:9,
11.
3. to fill with writing (German
beschreiben):
βιβλίον γεγραμμένον ἔσωθεν καὶ ὄπισθεν a volume written within and behind, on the back, hence, on both sides,
Revelation 5:1 (
Ezekiel 2:10); cf. Düsterdieck [Alford, others] at the passage
4. to draw up in writing, compose:
βιβλίον,
Mark 10:4;
John 21:25 [
Tdf. omit the verse; see
WH's Appendix at the passage];
τίτλον,
John 19:19;
ἐπιστολήν,
Acts 23:25;
2 Peter 3:1;
ἐντολήν τινι to write a commandment to one,
Mark 10:5;
1 John 2:7;
2 John 1:5. [Compare:
ἀπο-,
ἐγ-,
ἐπι-,
κατα-,
προγράφω.]