I. רָעָה 167 verb pasture, tend, graze (Assyrian
rê’û, verb
pasture, noun
ruler, Tel Amarna
ruḫi (as Canaanism) Wkl
No. 181, 11; Arabic
, Ethiopic
Aramaic
רְעָא,
, all = Biblical Hebrew); —
Qal Perfect 3rd person masculine plural consecutive
וְרָעָה Micah 5:3 +,
1st person singular suffix consecutive
זּרְעִיתִים Ezekiel 34:13,
3rd person plural suffix consecutive
וְרָעוּם Jeremiah 23:4, etc.;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural יִרְעֶה Isaiah 27:20 +, jussive
יֵ֫רַע Job 20:26, suffix
יִרְעֶנָּה Psalm 80:14,
וַיִרְעֵם Psalm 78:72 (
וַיַּר׳ Hiph. van d. H.), etc.;
Imperative masculine singular רְעֵה Micah 7:14 +, suffix
רְעֵם Psalm 28:9;
feminine singular רְעִי Songs 1:8;
masculine plural רְעוּ Genesis 29:7;
Infinitive construct לִרְעוֺת Genesis 37:12 +, etc.;
Participle רֹעֶה Genesis 30:36 +, suffix
רֹעִי Psalm 23:1 +;
feminine singular רֹעָה Genesis 29:9;
Proverbs 25:19, etc.; —
1. transitive
a. pasture, tend (
pascere), literal, with accusative
צאֹן Genesis 30:31,
36;
Genesis 37:12 (all J),
Exodus 3:1 (E),
1 Samuel 17:15;
1 Samuel 25:16;
Isaiah 61:5, accusative of asses
Genesis 36:24 (P), kids
Songs 1:8; accusative (
צאֹן) omitted
Genesis 29:7;
Genesis 37:13 (
ב location)
Genesis 37:16 (all J),
Songs 1:7 (||
הִרְבִּיץ),
Job 24:2 (
Me Siegf Bu
וְרֹעוֺ); — metaphor
גֹּרֶן וָיֶקֶב לֹא יִרְעֵם Hosea 9:2, but read
יֵדָעֵם We Now GASm;
מָוֶת יִרְעֵם Psalm 49:15.
c. figurative of ruler, and teacher, accusative of people, as flock,
2 Samuel 5:2 =
1 Chronicles 11:2;
2 Samuel 7:1 =
1 Chronicles 17:6;
Psalm 78:72;
Jeremiah 3:15;
Jeremiah 23:2,
4;
Ezekiel 34:2,
3,
8,
10,
23 (twice in verse);
Zechariah 11:4,
7 (twice in verse);
Zechariah 11:9; of teaching,
יִרְעוּ רַבִּים שִׂפְתֵי צַדִּיק Proverbs 10:21; with
ב of people
Psalm 78:71; absolute
Micah 5:3; with accusative of person reflexive
pastured (fed, enriched)
themselves Ezekiel 34:2,
8,
10.
d. especially participle רֹעֶה, etc., as substantive = shepherd, herdsman:
(1.) literal,
צאֹן רֹעֵה Genesis 4:2;
Genesis 46:32,
34;
Genesis 47:3 (all J),
רֹעֶה בַּצּ׳ Genesis 37:2 (E),
1 Samuel 16:11;
1 Samuel 17:34;
רֹעֵי מִקְנֶה Genesis 13:7 (twice in verse) (J);
(ה)ר׳ alone, singular
Amos 3:12 +
7 times (all in simile);
רֹעָה shepherdess,
Genesis 29:9 (J);
כְּלִי רֹעֶה אֱוִילִי Zechariah 11:15 (see
כְּלִי 2c), as symbol; plural
(הָ)רֹעִים Amos 1:2;
Exodus 2:17,
19 (J)
1 Samuel 21:8 (
אַבִּיר הָר׳; Gr Dr Bu Kit Löhr
חָרָצִים א׳;
Lag
BN 45 HPS
אֹבִיל הָעְַיָרִים, but compare We) +
8 times +
Isaiah 31:4 (simile),
Isaiah 38:12 (read
רֹעִים for
רֹעִי Perles
29 Du Che
Hpt compare Di), compare (suffix)
Genesis 13:8 (twice in verse) (J);
כְּלִי הָרֹעִים 1 Samuel 17:40 (see
כְּלִי 3); —
בֵּידעֵֿקֶד הָרִעִיס.
2. intransitive feed, graze:
b. figurative of idolater,
Isaiah 44:20 he feedeth on ashes (accusative); compare
Hosea 12:2 Ehpraimitic source
feedeth on wind (acc);
אִוֶּלֶת יִר׳ כְסִילִים פִּי Proverbs 15:14 (so Vrss Qr; Kt
פני for
פי)
the mouth of fools feeds on folly (Toy; Buhl √ II.
רעה, Gerber
162 below III.
רעה); in Songs, with
ב location, figurative of lover
Songs 2:16;
Songs 6:2,
3; of breasts (like gazelles)
Songs 4:5.
c. figurative, of Israel as flock
Isaiah 14:30 (||
רבץ), read (
יַ֯)
בְּכָרֹי in my pasture(s), for MT
בְּכוֺרֵי, Koppe Ew Di Du (otherwise Che
Hpt, compare Marti);
Zephaniah 3:13 (||
id.); with
עַלדְּֿרָכִים Isaiah 49:9; with accusative of pasture-land
Jeremiah 50:19;
Micah 7:14;
Ezekiel 34:14b (+
אֶל location),
Ezekiel 34:18;
Ezekiel 34:19; hence
crop, strip, i.e. devastate, of conqueror, with accusative of land
Micah 5:6, compare;
אֶתיָֿדוֺ Jeremiah 6:3; so
יִרְעוּךְ קָדְקֹד;
Jeremiah 2:16; accusative of Israel under figure of vine (subject foes, as beasts)
Psalm 80:14.
d. subject wind, with accusative of person
Jeremiah 22:22, i. e. drive them away; subject fire, with accusative of thing,
יֵרַע Job 20:26, but read perhaps
יֵרָע,
Niph. (Ol Di Hoffm Siegf Bu; otherwise Du).
רֹעֶה עֲקָרָה֯ Job 24:21 is difficult; Bu
חֵרַע for
ר׳; more radical conjectures in Du.
Niph. possibly
Job 20:26, see
2d above.
Hiph. Psalm 78:72 van d. H., see
1c above
† II. [
רָעָה]
verb probably associated with (compare Schulth
69ff. but also Nö
ZMG iiv (1900), 154 f.; Assyrian
ru’a, ruttu,
neighbour,
fellow (masculine and feminine; compare Jäger
BAS i. 483,486); so Bedouin
,
master, owner, Wallin
ZMG v (1851), 9 Jayakar
JA xxi. 851; Ethiopic
marriage; Arabic
, Ethiopic
yoke; Late Hebrew
רֵעוּת friendship is from Biblical Hebrew
רֵעַ); —
Qal Imperative masculine singular
וּרְעֵה אֱמוּנָה Psalm 37:3 cherish faithfulness (Hup-Now RV Che Du Dr); >
feed seocurely (Bae; I.
רעה;
feed on (his)
faithfulness AmRV);
Participle כְסִילִים רֹעֶה Proverbs 13:20 one associating with fools, so
זֹלְלְים ר׳ Proverbs 28:7,
זוֺנוֺת ר׳ Proverbs 29:3 (Thes and others think these figurative from I.
רעה, see
2b).
Hithp. 2nd person masculine singular אַלתִּֿתְרַע אֶתבַּֿעַל אָ֑ף Proverbs 22:24 do not make companionship with a bad-tempered man; perhaps also
3rd person feminine plural תִּתְרָעֶינָה Isaiah 11:7 (Lag
Or. i. 21; Deceased Wife's Sister 399 Brd Du Che Hpt) cow and bear
shall be each other's companions; +
Infinitive construct הִתְרָעֹת Proverbs 18:24 (Toy, for MT
הִתְרֹעֵעַ) there are [
יֵשׁ, for
אִישׁ] friends (merely)
to be companions (see II.
רעע near the end).
† [
רָעָה]
verb denominative
Pi. be a special friend; —
Perfect 3rd person masculine plural מֵרֵעֵהוּ אֲשֶׁר רֵעָה לוֺ Judges 14:20 his comrade who
had been 'best man' (GFM) to him.
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