[
פָּנֶה], plural
פָּנִים2123 noun masculineProverbs 25:23 and (Ezekiel =
Proverbs 21:21 =
edge; on
2 Samuel 10:9 see below)
feminine face, also
faces (as
turned toward one); — plural absolute
פָּנִים Genesis 32:31 +; construct
פְּנֵי 2 Samuel 14:32 +; suffix
1st person singular פָּנַי Genesis 43:3 +;
3rd person masculine singular פָּנָיו Genesis 4:5 +,
פָּנֵ֑ימוֹ Psalm 11:7 (Kö
ll.1.446);
2nd person masculine plural פְּנֵיכֶם Genesis 40:7 +, etc.; — usually with verb plural,
Genesis 4:5,
6;
Exodus 33:14 +; with verb singular
Lamentations 4:16 (through influence of intervening
י׳, Ges
§ 146 a),
Proverbs 15:14 (but read
פִּ׳, as Qr, see
פֶּה); —
I.
a. literally, of man
Genesis 43:31;
2 Samuel 19:5;
1 Kings 19:13;
Leviticus 13:14;
Daniel 8:18;
Daniel 10:9,
15 +;
עוֺר פ׳ Exodus 35:29,
30,
35; pale (from alarm)
Isaiah 29:22;
Jeremiah 30:6, flushed
Isaiah 13:8;
Ezekiel 21:3, compare
Nahum 2:11;
Joel 2:6; tearful
Isaiah 25:8;
Job 16:16; sad,
רעים פ׳ Genesis 40:7, compare
Nehemiah 2:2,
3, also
רֹעַ פ׳ Ecclesiastes 7:8 i.e. sadness;
יֵּיטִב פ׳ Proverbs 15:13 maketh glad the face;
נָָֽפְלוּ פָנֶיךָ,
Genesis 4:5,
6 why
is the face fallen (in displeasure), compare
1 Samuel 1:18 (reading
נָֽפְלָה,
נָֽפְלוּ, or
הפִּילָה); covered with shame
Ezekiel 7:18, whence figurative of confusion, discomfiture
Jeremiah 51:51;
Psalm 69:8;
Psalm 83:17, etc.
2.
†b. with
ראה technically,
see one's
face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence: before a man
Genesis 32:21 (+3 other uses of
פ׳), (God, with
יראה pointed as
Niph., see
II 2); especially as privilege, = have access to, man of rank
Genesis 43:3,
5;
Genesis 44:23,
26, king
Exodus 10:28 (twice in verse) compare
Exodus 10:29 (all J),
2 Samuel 14:24 (twice in verse);
2 Samuel 14:28,
32; compare
2 Samuel 3:13 (twice in verse);
הַמֶּלֶךְ פְנֵי רֹאֵי 2 Kings 25:19 =
Jeremiah 52:25;
Esther 1:14; implying favour of person seen, man
Genesis 33:10 (J), God
Genesis 33:10, compare
Job 33:26 (Hiph.), and, with
חזה,
Psalm 11:7;
Psalm 17:15.
5. face (= surface) of ground (
הָאֲדָמָה)
Genesis 2:6;
Genesis 4:14;
Genesis 7:4;
Psalm 104:30 +, so
הָאָרֶץ פ׳ Genesis 1:29;
Genesis 7:3;
Genesis 8:9;
Genesis 11:4,
8,
9;
Genesis 19:28;
Isaiah 24:1,
תֵבֵל פ׳ Isaiah 14:21;
Isaiah 27:6; of a field
Proverbs 24:31;
תְהוֺם פ׳ Genesis 1:2 (twice in verse);
Job 38:30,
הַמַּיִם פ׳ Genesis 7:18;
רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם פ׳ Genesis 1:20;
כִֿסֵּה פ׳ Job 26:9 i.e. of God's throne (but Bu reads
כֶּסֶה fullmoon);
הַלּוֺט פ׳ Job 25:7 see [
לוּט;
לְבוּשׁוֺ פ׳ Job 41:5 the expanse of his [the crocodile's]
coat; front (especially Ezek.), of house
Ezekiel 41:14;
Ezekiel 47:1,
הַקֹּדֶשׁ פ׳ Ezekiel 41:21; of gate
Ezekiel 40:6,
20,
22;
Ezekiel 42:15;
Ezekiel 43:4; of chamber
Ezekiel 40:44 (twice in verse);
Ezekiel 40:45,
46; of pot (
סִיר)
Jeremiah 1:13;
הַמִּלְחָמָה פ׳ 2 Samuel 10:9 battle-front =
1 Chronicles 19:10 (verb agrees with
הַמּ׳ in Gender, Ges
§ 146a); =
van of locust-army
Joel 2:20 (opposed to
סֹפוֺ);
front, i.e.
edge, of sword
Ezekiel 21:21, of axe
Ecclesiastes 10:10; = condition, state of a thing, as denoted by its
appearance; of flock
Proverbs 27:23;
הַדָּבָר פ׳ 2 Samuel 14:20 the appearance (situation, attitude)
of the affair.
7. for other phrases see: אוֺר verb Hiph. 5; אוֺר n. 10; בּוֺשׁ Hiph.; בקשׁ Pi. 3; בּשֶׁת 1; [הַכָּרָה]; הָדַר; 2; זָעַם Niph.; זָעַף 1; הָבַשׁ 1a; I. חָרָה I. חָוַר; חָזַק Pi. 5; II. חלה; IV. חמר; חָפָה; טָחַן; יָעַד Hoph.; יְשׁוּעָה3; כּוּן Hiph. 3; כִּפֶּר 1; כָּסָה Pi. 1, 2; מָאוֺר; מְגַמָּה I. מוּל; מַשּׂא; [נָבַט] Hiph. 3; נֶגֶד 1, 2 c; נֹכַח; נָכַר Hiph.; נָפַל 3b, and Hiph. 5; נָשָׂא 1b (3); נָתַן 2b; סָבַב Hiph. 1 a; סָתַר Hiph. 2; I. עֵבֶר 2; עַז, עָזַז Hiph.; עָמַד Hiph. 6 a; II. עֻמָּה; [צָרַב]; [קָדַם] Pi.; שִׂים; שׁוּב Hiph.; שִׁית; II.שָׁנָה Pi.; תֹּפֶת.
II. פְּנֵי with prepositions: —
1. אֶל־פְּנֵי :
†2. אֶת־פְּנֵי close by (II. אֵת) the face or front of: hence
a. the presence of,
1 Samuel 2:11 עֵלִי אֶתפֿ׳ 1 Kings 12:6 who stood
שְׁלֹמֹה אֶתפֿ׳ (compare
לִפְנֵי 1 Kings 10:8),
Esther 1:10;
Proverbs 17:24; pregnantly (nisi
וַיַּנִּחֵם leg.,
We Dr and others)
1 Samuel 22:4. Specifically
י'אֶת־פְּנֵי Genesis 19:13 (
1 Samuel 2:17),
1 Samuel 2:27;
1 Samuel 2:18; and with
נִרְאָה of the appearance of all males at the three annual
חַגִּים,
Exodus 34:23 הָאָדֹן יֵרָאֶה כָּלזְֿכוּרְךָ אֶתפֿ׳,
Exodus 34:24;
Deuteronomy 16:16 (compare Dr),
Deuteronomy 31:11;
1 Samuel 1:22 (||
י׳ אלפֿ׳ Exodus 23:17); so
פָּנַי alone
Exodus 23:15 =
Exodus 34:20 (
לֹא יֵרָאוּ פָנַי רֵיקָם),
Isaiah 1:22,
פָנֶיךָ Psalm 42:3 (according to many, Ges
Thes Di
Exodus 23:15 Che
Isaiah 1:12, critical note, the verb in all these passages was originally
Qal, afterwards pointed as
Niph. to avoid the expression
see the face of י׳);
אֶת־פָּנֶיךָ in thy presence Psalm 16:10;
Psalm 21:7; Psalm 140:14.
3. בִּפְנֵי :.
a. With the implication of
(g) in the sight (estimation)
of,
Genesis 7:1 thee have I seen to be just
before me,
Genesis 10:9 a mighty hunter
before י׳,
Deuteronomy 24:4 י׳ תּוֺעֵבָה ל׳,
Deuteronomy 24:13 י׳ צְדָקָה ל׳,
1 Samuel 20:1b,
אָרוּר י׳ ל׳ Joshua 6:26;
1 Samuel 26:19,
י׳ לְרָצוֺן ל׳ acceptable
before י׳,
Leviticus 1:3 +, Psalm 19:15;
2 Kings 5:1 a great man
לִפְנֵי אֲדֹנָיו,
Proverbs 14:12;
Psalm 143:2;
וַיִּיטַב ל׳ (late synonym of earlier
בְּעֵנֵי)
Nehemiah 2:5,
6;
Esther 5:14;
טוֺב ל׳ Ecclesiastes 2:26;
Ecclesiastes 7:26; compare also
נָתַן לְרַחֲמִים לִפְנֵי, see
רַחֲמִים.
(h) לִפְנֵי י׳, specifically of acts done with a solemn sense of
י׳'s presence, often, but not always, at a sanctuary:
Genesis 27:7 that I may eat and bless thee
before י׳, before I die,
Exodus 18:12 to eat bread
before God,
Deuteronomy 1:45 ye wept
before י׳,
Deuteronomy 6:25;
Deuteronomy 12:7 (to eat, so
Deuteronomy 12:18;
Deuteronomy 14:23,
26;
Deuteronomy 15:20),
Deuteronomy 15:12 (rejoice, so
Deuteronomy 15:18;
Deuteronomy 27:7;
Isaiah 9:2),
Joshua 18:6;
Joshua 24:1;
Judges 11:11;
Judges 20:23,
26;
Judges 21:2;
1 Samuel 7:6;
1 Samuel 10:19;
1 Samuel 11:15;
1 Samuel 12:7;
1 Samuel 15:33;
1 Samuel 23:18;
2 Samuel 5:3;
2 Samuel 7:18;
2 Samuel 21:9; and constantly in P, as
Exodus 16:9,
33,
34;
Leviticus 1:5,
11;
Leviticus 3:1,
7 etc.; of residents in Jerusalem
Isaiah 23:18. So in
י׳ הָלַךְ ל׳ 1 Kings 2:4 and elsewhere.
b. In other phrases: —
c. With reference to position:
(a) in front of, before, especially with verbs of motion (with which
נֶגֶד is hardly used),
Genesis 32:21 בַּמִּנְחָה הַהֹלֶכֶת לְפָנָ֔י that goeth
before me,
Genesis 33:14 the cattle
אֲשֶׁר לְפָנַי,
Exodus 17:5;
Exodus 23:20 etc.; in the description of a march or procession,
Exodus 13:21,
22;
Numbers 10:33;
Isaiah 52:12;
Isaiah 58:8 +;
2 Samuel 3:31 and wail
before Abner (before his bier); of flocks before a shepherd
Genesis 32:18; of captives or booty driven before a conqueror
1 Samuel 30:20 (read
וַיִּנְהֲגוּ לְפָנָיו We Dr),
Isaiah 8:4;
Isaiah 40:10 =
Isaiah 62:11 וּפְעֻלָּתוֺ לְפָנָיו his recompence (i.e. his newly-recovered people, regarded as his prize of war)
before him,
Amos 9:4;
Lamentations 1:5,
6
d. Of
places (not very common):
Exodus 14:2 before Pi-hahiroth...,
before Baal-zephon,
Numbers 33:7b,
Genesis 23:17 מַמְרֵא אשׁר ל׳ (usually
על פני מ׳ : see
7a d),
1 Chronicles 19:7;
Nehemiah 8:1,
3;
before the temple, veil, altar, etc.,
Exodus 16:34 +
הָעֵדֻת ל׳,
Exodus 30:6 +
הַפָּרֹכֶת ל׳,
Exodus 40:5,
6;
Numbers 3:38;
Numbers 7:10 and elsewhere (all P),
1 Kings 6:21;
1 Kings 7:49 +.
e. Of time,
before: Amos 1:1:
הָרָֽעַשׁ לפני before the earthquake,
Genesis 29:26;
Genesis 30:30 לְפָנַי before me (i.e. before I came to thee),
Exodus 10:14 לפניו לא היה כן before it there was not the like,
Numbers 13:22;
1 Kings 16:25,
30 מִכֹּל אֲשֶׁר לְפָנָיו,
Isaiah 43:10;
Isaiah 48:7;
Proverbs 8:25;
Job 15:7 etc. Sq. infinitive,
Genesis 13:10 לִפְנֵי שַׁחֵת י׳ before י׳'s destroying, etc.,
Genesis 27:7 לִפְנֵי מוֺתִי,
Genesis 36:31;
1 Samuel 9:15 +. Once, in late Hebrew,
לִפְנֵי מִזֶּה before this
Nehemiah 13:4.
f. In the manner of, like (rare and dubious),
1 Samuel 1:16 אַלתִּֿתֵּן אֶתאֲֿמָֽתְךָ לִפְנֵי בַתבִּֿלִיַּעַל like a worthless woman,
Job 3:24 like my food,
Job 4:19 they are crushed
like the moth (compare Lat
pro).
5. מִלִּפְנֵי 73 from before: —
a. from the presence of (properly, from a position before a person or object: to be distinguished from מִפְּנֵי; see 6):
†b. (Chiefly late) to express the
source or
cause, with the force of the
לְ weakened, in cases where the earlier language would have used
מִפְּנֵי : with verbs of fearing,
1 Samuel 18:12;
Ecclesiastes 3:14;
Ecclesiastes 8:12,
13;
1 Chronicles 16:30 חִילִי מִלְּפָנָיו [||
Psalm 96:9 מפניו],
Psalm 114:7 (twice in verse);
Esther 7:6;
2 Chronicles 32:7 (+
מפני); failing, etc.,
Isaiah 57:16;
Psalm 97:5; being humbled,
1 Kings 21:29 (+
מפני),
2 Chronicles 32:12,
23;
34:27 [||
2 Kings 22:19 מפני], 2Ki 36:12; crying for help
1 Samuel 8:18 [compare
מפני Exodus 3:7], singing
1 Chronicles 16:33 [||
Psalm 96:13 לפני], fleeing
1 Chronicles 19:18 [||
2 Samuel 10:18 מִפְּנֵי].
†c. of time, once, =
לִפְנֵי Ecclesiastes 1:10. — With the later usages of
מל׳, compare
מִן קֳדָם in Biblical Aramaic and
(Dr
Sm lxx-lxxi, lxxiii); see also Kö
ii. 320.
a. (often with suggestion of causation (see
מִן 2d, e, f),
because of, for fear of [so AV RV
Judges 9:21;
1 Samuel 21:11;
1 Samuel 23:26;
Jeremiah 35:11 (twice in verse);
Jeremiah 37:11;
Jeremiah 41:9;
Jeremiah 50:16]) after verbs of hiding
Genesis 3:8;
Genesis 4:14;
Isaiah 2:10 (compare
Isaiah 2:19;
Isaiah 2:21); and especially of escaping,
Judges 9:21 (Thes 'bene
ob metum A.'),
1 Samuel 18:11;
1 Samuel 19:10;
1 Samuel 23:26, or fleeing,
Exodus 4:3;
Exodus 14:25;
1 Samuel 17:24 + often (see
בָּרַךְ and
נוּס), and expelling, destroying, etc.
Exodus 23:30 מִפָּנֶיךָ אֲגָרְשֶׁנּוּ I will expel them
from before thee,
Exodus 34:11,
24 מִפָּנֶיךָ גּוֺיִםאוֺרִישׁ (see
הוֺרִישׁ),
Leviticus 18:24;
Deuteronomy 8:20;
Amos 2:9;
Psalm 89:24 + often (as though clearing the way for Israel, for Israel's sake: compare
Isaiah 63:12 מִפְּנֵיהם מַיִס בּוֺקֵעַ,
Joshua 2:10;
Joshua 4:23). Pregn.
Isaiah 17:9 כַּעֲזוּבַת ֗֗֗ אשׁר עזבו מפני בני ישׂר׳ which they forsook (fleeing)
from before, etc.
b. implying causation more distinctly.
Psalm 9:4 יאבדו מפניך perish
from before thee or
at the presence,
Deuteronomy 7:20: very often with verbs of fearing, as
גור,
יגר,
חיל,
ירא,
ערץ,
פחד,
קוץ Exodus 9:30;
Numbers 22:3 (twice in verse);
Deuteronomy 1:17;
Jeremiah 5:22 etc. (mostly when the object inspiring fear is a person: when it is a thing,
מִן alone is preferred; but see
Deuteronomy 5:5;
Deuteronomy 9:19); of being alarmed or dismayed
Genesis 45:3;
Joshua 2:9;
Jeremiah 1:17;
Job 23:15, etc.; of humbling oneself
Exodus 10:3;
Judges 11:33 +; with other words, to indicate the
external ground of an action or effect, as
מִפָּנָיו הַס be silent
at (i.e.
because of) his presence
Zephaniah 1:7;
Habakkuk 2:20;
Judges 5:5 the mountains flowed
מפני י׳ at the presence of י׳,
Isaiah 63:19;
Jeremiah 4:26;
Nahum 1:5;
Psalm 68:3 as wax melteth
מפני אשׁ;
Deuteronomy 20:19;
Isaiah 19:1;
Isaiah 26:17 כן היינו מפניך so were we
through thy presence (more than
לפניך, — implying that their state was
due to י׳);
קום מפני to rise up
at the presence of Genesis 31:35;
Leviticus 19:32. (N.B. In
a, b, frequently rendered
before in AV RV, and so confused with
לפני; but the
מִן retains always its full force in the Hebrew)
c. of the cause, whether nearer or more remote:
7. עַל־פְּנֵ׳ (compare Phoenician פְּנֵ עַל, פְּנ עלתֵ, Lzb352) has different meanings according to the different senses of the noun and the preposition: —
a. From the sense of face or front:
(a) in front of (more definite and distinct than
לפני):
Psalm 18:43 as dust
before the wind (compare
לפני Psalm 35:5;
Psalm 83:14 +),
Genesis 32:22 the present passed on
עלפֿניו in front of him,
Exodus 33:19 אעביר כלטֿוּבי עלפֿניך,
2 Samuel 15:18,
23 (read
עלפֿניו : see Dr),
Job 4:15; =
in the sight of,
Leviticus 10:3 ועלפֿני כל העם אֶכָּבֵד,
Jeremiah 6:7 עַל־פָּנַי תָּמִיד חֳלִי וּמַכָּה,
Jeremiah 13:26 (compare
Nahum 3:5),
Psalm 9:20 יִשָּֽׁפְטוּ גוים עלפֿניך before thee: defiantly,
Job 1:11 אםלֿא עלֿ פניך יְבָֽרְכֶךָּ will renounce thee
to thy face,
Job 6:28 ועלפֿניכם אם אֲכַוֵּב,
Job 21:31; to die
in the presence of any one (= in his lifetime) †
Genesis 11:28;
Numbers 3:4.
(c) in addition to,
Job 16:14 עַל־פְּנֵי־פֶרֶץ פֶּרֶץ יִפְרְצֵנִי.
(d) of localities,
in front of, mostly (but not always: see GFM
Ju., p. 351) =
east of,
1 Kings 6:3 the porch
in front of, etc.,
1 Kings 6:3;
1 Kings 7:6;
1 Kings 8:8;
2 Chronicles 3:17;
Ezekiel 42:8;
Genesis 16:12 עלפֿני כלאֿחיו ישׁכן (compare
Genesis 25:18b), perhaps (Di and others) with collateral idea of defiance;
מַמְרֵא עַלפֿ׳ Genesis 23:19 (
Genesis 50:13),
Exodus 16:14; often in
אשׁר עלפֿני ֗֗֗ Genesis 25:9 (
Genesis 49:30),
מצרים Genesis 49:18a (
Joshua 13:3;
1 Samuel 15:7),
Numbers 21:11;
Numbers 33:7a,
ירחו Deuteronomy 32:49 (
Deuteronomy 34:1),
Joshua 13:3,
25;
Joshua 15:8 (
Joshua 18:16),
Joshua 17:7;
Joshua 18:14;
Joshua 19:11;
Judges 16:3;
1 Samuel 24:3 (probably),
1 Samuel 26:1,
3;
2 Samuel 2:24;
1 Kings 11:7 (the Mt. of Olives, east of Jews.;
so 2 Kings 23:13;
Zechariah 14:4), Zech 17:3; Zech 17:5. —
Genesis 1:20 let fowl fly
עלפֿני רקיע השׁמים in front of the firmament of heaven, namely as looked up to from below, i.e. between the firmament and the earth.
8. מֵעַל־פְּנֵי
a. from before the face of,
Genesis 23:3 Abraham rose up
מֵתוֹ פְּנֵי מֵעַל from before his dead, i.e. from mourning before or beside it; † (
פניו)
מֵעַל פני from before my (his) face, often in Kings & Jeremiah of the rejection of Israel or the temple, as with
שִׁלַּת 1 Kings 9:7 (||
2 Chronicles 7:20 השׁליך),
Jeremiah 15:1,
השׁליד 2 Kings 13:23;
2 Kings 24:20 (
Jeremiah 52:3),
Jeremiah 7:15,
נטשׁ Jeremiah 23:39,
הסיר 2 Kings 17:18,
23;
2 Kings 23:27;
2 Kings 24:3;
Jeremiah 32:31.
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