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1 Sam 20:5 The new moon was the day of the first appearance of the crescent moon in the western sky at sunset, marking the beginning of the month in the lunar calendar. It was one of Israel’s main festivals (see Num. 10:10; 1 Chron. 23:31; Ezek. 46:3). One could not always predict the exact day when the new moon would become visible, so it may be that the feast was held on the first possible day, and if the moon did not appear on that day, the feast was held on the second day as well (1 Sam. 20:27). Hence, David proposed meeting on the third day (see also “or the third day”; v. 12).
1 Sam 20:15 my house. That is, “my offspring”; see v. 42. See also 2 Samuel 9, where David shows “kindness” to Jonathan’s son Mephibosheth.
1 Sam 20:26 Because the feast involved sacrifices, one had to be clean to participate (on the terms “clean” and “unclean,” see Introduction to Leviticus, Problems in Understanding Leviticus).
1 Sam 20:29 My brother presumably refers to David’s eldest brother, Eliab (17:28). It reflects a system of family leadership passing to the eldest son; his father Jesse had already retired (see 17:12; compare Laban’s role in Gen. 24:50).
1 Sam 20:31 neither you nor your kingdom shall be established. Jonathan had already accepted this to be God’s will (vv. 14–15). Saul, on the other hand, assumed that kingship was hereditary, though there was no divine revelation to justify such an assumption.
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