†
שְׁאוֺל,
שְׁאֹל noun femininePsalm 86:13 (apparently
masculine Job 26:6 compare
Isaiah 14:9, see Albr
ZAW xvi(1896), 51)
She’ôl,
underworld (√ dubious;
שׁאל, i.e.
palce of inquiry (reference to necromancy) Jastr
Amos. Jsem. Lang. xiv. 170. cf JBL xix (1900), 88 ff. (Jeremias
Lebenn. d. Tode 109 'Ort der Entscheidung'); Thes Bö
De Inf. § 158 Di and others compare √
שׁעל, whence
שֹׁעַל hallow hand, etc.;
שׁ׳ then =
hallow place, 'Hölle', hell; other conjectures see Hup
Psalm 6:6 De
Isaiah 5:14 Beer
Bibl. Hades in Holtzmann
Festgabe, 1902, 15; most now refrain from positive etymology (e.g. Buhl); Old Aramaic
שאול, Syriac
; Assyrian
šu-alu is dubious: so reads and interprets Dl
Pa 121, Prol. 47. 145 Jastr
Amos. J. Semitic Lang. xiv. 165 ff. Ency. Bib
s.v.; opposed to by Bertin
TSBA viii. 269 Jen
Kosmol. 223 ff. Zim
KAT 3. 636 and others; see also Muss-Arnolt
JBL xi (1892), 169 and references); — always absolute,
שְׁאוֺל Deuteronomy 32:22 +
52 times,
הָ֯ Genesis 42:38;
Psalm 9:18;
שְׁאֹל 1 Kings 2:6;
Job 17:16,
הָ֯ Genesis 37:35 +
7 times; +
Isaiah 7:11 (so read for
שְׁאָ֫לָה Aq
Σ Θ Du Che and now most); —
1. the underworld,
תַּחְתִּית שׁ׳ Deuteronomy 32:22,
מִתַּחַת Isaiah 14:9;
מִ֑טָּה מִשּׁ׳ Proverbs 15:24; ||
מָוֶת Proverbs 5:5;
Proverbs 7:27;
Songs 8:6;
Psalm 89:49; whither men descend at death,
Genesis 37:35 (E),
Genesis 42:38;
Genesis 44:29,
31 (J),
1 Samuel 2:6;
1 Kings 2:6,
9;
Job 7:9;
Job 21:13;
Isaiah 14:11,
15;
Psalm 88:4, and
Korah and associates go down alive by
י׳'s judgment,
Numbers 16:30,
33 (J), compare
Psalm 55:16; under mountains and sea
Job 26:6 (compare
Job 26:5),
בֶּטֶן שׁ׳ Jonah 2:3 (compare
Jonah 2:7); with bars
Job 17:16 (si vera lectio: see
Du);
שׁ׳ פִּי Psalm 141:7;
שַׁעֲרֵי שׁ׳ Isaiah 38:10; personified
Isaiah 28:15,
18 (||
מות). as insatiable monster
Isaiah 5:14;
Habakkuk 2:5;
Proverbs 1:12;
Proverbs 27:20;
Proverbs 30:16; as said (figurative) to have snares,
חֶבְלֵי שׁ׳ Psalm 18:6 =
2 Samuel 22:6 compare
מְצָרֵי שׁ׳ Psalm 116:3; opposed to (height of)
שָׁמַיִם Amos 9:2;
Job 11:8;
Psalm 139:8 + (opposed to
לְמָ֑עְלָה)
Isaiah 7:11 (see above); dark, gloomy, without return
Job 17:13 (compare
Job 17:16;
Job 7:9;
Job 10:21;
Job 16:22; all being alike
Job 3:17-19;
Job 21:23-26); without work or knowledge or wisdom according to
Ecclesiastes 9:5,
6,
10 (compare
Job 14:21, and see
רְפָאִים below
רפה; yet compare
Isaiah 14:9f.).
2. condition of righteous and wicked distinguished in
שׁ׳ (later than
1 Samuel 28, especially in Wisdom Literature):
3. later distinction of places in שׁ׳ :
b. וַאֲבַדּוֺן שׁ׳ Proverbs 25:11, see
אֲבַדּוֺן. [
שַׁחַת and
בּוֺר, which see, when ||
שׁ׳, are usually in bad sense (
Psalm 88:4); probably = pit in
שׁ׳, >
שׁ׳ itself as pit; words at least prepare for local distinctions of post-Biblical Judaism and NT.]
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs