† I. פָּתַח verb open (Late Hebrew
id.; Phoenician
פתח; Assyrian
pitû, patû; Sabean
פתח Os
ZMG xix (1865), 197; Arabic
; Ethiopic
; Aramaic
H6606 פְּתַח,
; Nabataean, Palmyrene
פתח); —
Qal Perfect 3rd person masculine singular פ׳ 2 Kings 15:16 +, etc.;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יִפְתַּח Exodus 21:33 +;
3rd person masculine plural suffix
יִפְתָּחוּם Nehemiah 13:19, etc.;
Imperative masculine singular פְּתַחִ 2 Kings 13:17 +;
feminine singular פִּתְחִי Songs 5:2;
masculine plural פִּתְחוּ Joshua 10:22 +;
Infinitive absolute פָּתֹחַ Deuteronomy 15:8 +; construct
לִפְתֹּחַ Ezekiel 21:27 [
Ezekiel 21:22] +;
Participle active פֹּתֵחַ Judges 3:25 +;
passive פָּתוּחַ Jeremiah 5:16 +, etc.; —
open sack,
שַׂק,
Genesis 42:27 (E),
אַמְתַּחַת Genesis 43:21;
Genesis 44:11 (J), skin-bottle (
נאוד).
Judges 4:19, hamper (
תֵּדָה)
Exodus 2:6 (E), pit (
בּוֺר)
Exodus 21:33 (E; i.e. uncover it), mouth (
פִּי) of cave
Joshua 10:22 (JE), grave
Ezekiel 37:12,
Ezekiel 37:13 (to bring forth dead), compare (in figurative)
Jeremiah 5:16;
Psalm 5:10 [
Psalm 5:9];
כְּלִי פָתוּחַ Numbers 19:15; (P)
open vessel; door (
דֶּלֶת; sometimes opposed to
סָגַר)
Judges 3:25 +
Judges 3:25 (object omitted),
Judges 19:27;
1 Samuel 3:15;
2 Kings 9:3,
2 Kings 9:10;
2 Chronicles 29:3;
Job 31:32 (about
ל person); figurative of Lebanon
Zechariah 11:1;
דַּלתֵי שָׁמַיִם Psalm 78:23 (of
י׳, sending rain);
ד׳ = city-gates
Nehemiah 13:19;
Isaiah 45:1(||
שְׁעָרִים;
י׳ subject, with
לפְנֵי);
ד׳ omitted
Songs 5:2,
Songs 5:5,
Songs 5:6; gate (
שַׁעַר), of land
Nahum 3:13 (Infinitive absolute + Imperfect
Niph. which see), compare
Ezekiel 25:9,
שׁער of temple (- court)
Ezekiel 46:12 (with
ל, person),
Psalm 118:19 (
id.), city
Isaiah 26:2, object omitted
Deuteronomy 20:11;
2 Kings 15:16; window,
חַלּוֺן,
2 Kings 13:17 (twice in verse),
אֲרֻבּוֺת הַשָׁמַיִם (by
י׳ sending rain)
Genesis 8:6 (J),
Malachi 3:10; city
Jeremiah 13:19,
פְּתוּחָה עִיר Joshua 8:17 (JE); absolute
וְלאֹ סגר פ׳ Isaiah 22:22 (twice in verse); —
Isaiah 14:17 is dubious, Gr Perles
Anal. 28. 42 Kit (in Di) read
לַאֲסִירָיו לאֹפֿ׳ בֵּיתהַֿכֶּלֶא; > Bu Che Marti
אִישׁ פִּתַּח לֹא אֲסִירָיו לְבֵיתוֺ; storehouse, armoury
Genesis 41:56;
Jeremiah 50:25 (of
י׳),
Jeremiah 50:26 (for destruction), figurative of sky, for rain
Deuteronomy 28:12 (with
ל person; of
י׳), compare
open בָּ֑ר, expose for sale,
Amos 8:5;
open womb, i.e. grant offspring
Genesis 29:31;
Genesis 30:22 (J);
open mouth (
פֶּה) to cry, speak
Ezekiel 21:27;
Job 3:1;
Daniel 10:16, hence = speak
Isaiah 53:7 (twice in verse);
Job 33:2;
Psalm 39:10 [
Psalm 39:9];
Psalm 78:2 (
בְּמָשָׁל),
Psalm 109:2 (with
עַל person),
Proverbs 24:7;
Proverbs 31:8 (with
ל person),
Proverbs 31:9;
Proverbs 31:26 (
בְּחָכְמָה);
Psalm 49:5 [
Psalm 49:4] either
utter, declare, propound riddle, or
open up, expound; have power of speech
Psalm 38:14 [
Psalm 38:13]; of
י׳ giving power of (prophetic) speech
Ezekiel 3:27;
Ezekiel 33:22, giving speech to ass
Numbers 22:28 (J);
open mouth, to eat
Ezekiel 3:2, of earth, to swallow up,
Numbers 16:32:
Numbers 26:10, compare (
פֶּה omitted)
Psalm 106:17;
open lips, to speak
Job 11:5 (with
עִם person),
Job 32:20 (Gi
Job 32:21); of
י׳ opening man's lips
Psalm 51:17 [
Psalm 51:15], man's ear
Isaiah 50:5 (Assyrian
uznâ puttû); of eyes only passive participle, with
אֶל 1 Kings 8:29 2 Chronicles 6:20;
1 Kings 8:52;
Nehemiah 1:6, with
ל 2 Chronicles 6:40 (by zeugma),
2 Chronicles 7:15 (all of
י׳'s favour);
open hand, in giving
Deuteronomy 15:8,
Deuteronomy 15:11 (with
ל person, + infinitive absolute), of
י׳ Psalm 104:28;
Psalm 145:16; book
Nehemiah 8:5 (twice in verse), letter
Nehemiah 6:5;
open river (channel)
Isaiah 41:18 (of
י׳), rock, letting out water,
Psalm 105:41 (
id.);
open sword, = draw it
Ezekiel 21:33 [
Ezekiel 21:28];
Psalm 37:14; of root
שָׁרְשִׁי פָתוּחַ אֱלֵימָֿ֑יִם Job 29:19, i.e. with no obstacle intervening. —
תִּפְתַּח אֶרֶץ Isaiah 45:8 is dubious; verb not elsewhere intransitive; Du Che
Hpt Marti proposes
רַחְמָהּ as object; Gr Kit (in Di) read
תִּפָּתַח.
Niph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular נִפְתַּח Isaiah 5:27, etc.;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יִפָּתַח Ezekiel 24:27,
יִפָּתֵ֑חַ Ezekiel 44:2 +, etc.;
Infinitive construct הִפָּתֵחַ Isaiah 51:14;
Participle נִפְתָּח Zechariah 13:1; —
be opend, of girdle
Isaiah 5:27 (i.e. loosened), compare of captive
Isaiah 51:14, and, of calamity,
Jeremiah 1:14 be let loose (with
עַל person); gates
Nahum 2:7 [
Nahum 2:6];
Nahum 3:13 (of land,
thrown open to (
ל) enemy),
Ezekiel 44:2;
Ezekiel 46:1 (twice in verse);
Nehemiah 7:3; impersonal of man shut in by God
Job 12:14; of windows of heaven
Genesis 7:11 (P), compare
Isaiah 24:18 (of future destruction); the heavens themselves
Ezekiel 1:1 (for visions); fountain
Zechariah 13:1; wine (-skin, with negative)
Job 32:19; mouth, in speech Job 24:27 ;
Job 33:2 ; ears
Isaiah 35:5.
Pi. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular פִּתַּח Job 30:11 +,
פִּתֵּ֑חַ Job 12:18 +, etc.;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יְפַתַּח;
Isaiah 28:24,
1st person singular אֲפַתֵּחַ Isaiah 45:1, etc.; —
Infinitive abs פַּתֵּחַ Isaiah 58:6 construct,
id. Psalm 102:21 [
Psalm 102:20];
Participle מְפַתֵּ֑חַ 1 Kings 20:11; —
loose:
3. open gates
Isaiah 60:11, doors
Job 41:6 [
Job 41:14] (figurative of crocodile's jaws); ear
Isaiah 48:8 (read probably either
פִּתַּחְתִּי,
פָּתַחְתִּי [
Du Marti], or
נִפְתְּחָה [Gr Che Kit in Di]; buds
Songs 7:13 [
Songs 7:12] (of blossom; object omitted; or intransitive, as sometimes Arabic
see Dozy).
Hithp. Imperative masculine plural
התפתחו Isaiah 52:2 Kt < Qr
feminine singular הִתְפַּתְּחִי (so
; of personified Jerusalem)
loosen thee (Ges
§ 54 f)
the fetters of thy neck.
II. [
פָּתַח]
verb
Pi. engrave (Late Hebrew Pi.
id.,
פִּתּוּחַ = Biblical Hebrew, and so
; Assyrian
patâḫu,
bore,
penetrate; compare perhaps Arabic
,
ring (compare Frä
252)); —
Perfect 3rd person masculine singular פִּתַּח 2 Chronicles 3:7, etc.;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular וַיְפַתַּח 1 Kings 7:36;
2nd person masculine singular תְּפַתַּח Exodus 28:11;
Infinitive construct לְפַתֵּחַ 2 Chronicles 2:6 [
2 Chronicles 2:7];
2 Chronicles 2:13 [
2 Chronicles 2:13];
Participle מְפַתֵּחַ Zechariah 3:9; —
engrave, with accusative +
על, on metal
1 Kings 7:36;
2 Chronicles 3:7;
Exodus 28:36 (accusative of congnate meaning with verb
חוֺתָם פִּתּוּחֵי), on stone
Exodus 28:9; with accusative
אֶבֶן + accusative of congnate meaning with verb
Exodus 28:11(all P); with accusative of congnate meaning with verb only,
Zechariah 3:9 (on stone), and, in general,
2 Chronicles 2:6;
2 Chronicles 2:13.
Pu. Participle feminine plural חוֹתָם פִּתּוּתֵי מְפֻתָּחֹת Exodus 39:9 (P)
stones engraved with the engravings of signet.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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