נָפַל 433 verb fall, lie (Late Hebrew = Biblical Hebrew,
נְפַל, Syriac
; compare also Arabic
dedit praedam (Nö
ZMG xl (1886), 725 Frä
153f.), Minaean
נפל remove Hom
Sudar. Chrest. 128); —
Qal366 Perfect נ׳ Judges 5:27 +,
3rd person feminine singular נָֽפְלָה Genesis 15:12 +, etc.;
Imperfect יִפֹּל 1 Samuel 14:45 +,
וַיִּפֹּל Judges 4:16 +;
1st person singular אֶפֹּל 1 Chronicles 21:13 (needless change from 1st person plural
נִפְּלָהנִמְּלָה ||
2 Samuel 24:14 We Dr);
3rd person masculine plural יִפְּלוּ Hosea 7:16 +,
יִפֹּ֑לוּ Isaiah 3:25 +,
3rd person feminine plural תִּפֹּ֫לְנָה Ezekiel 13:11;
Ezekiel 30:25, etc.;
Imperative masculine plural
נִפְלוּ Hosea 10:8;
Jeremiah 25:27;
Infinitive absolute נָפוֺל Esther 6:13;
construct נְפֹל Isaiah 30:25 +;
לִנְפֹּל Jeremiah 51:49 +; suffix
נָפְלוֺ 1 Samuel 29:3,
נִפְלוֺ 2 Samuel 1:10,
נִפְלָם Jeremiah 49:21 (on these forms compare Ba
NB 104);
Participle נֹפֵל Judges 4:22 +; feminine
נֹפֶ֫לֶת Genesis 15:12 +; plural
נֹפְלִים Joshua 8:25 + (insert also
1 Samuel 28:19b Th We Dr Kit Bu HPS; Klo
כֹּרְעִים), etc.; —
1. fall, by accident,
שָֿׁ֫מָּה וְנ׳ Exodus 21:33 (E)
and there fall into it (a pit) an ox or an ass, compare
Deuteronomy 22:4 (
בַּדֶּרֶךְ,
on the way), bird
עַל־פַּח Amos 3:5; subject person,
1 Samuel 4:18 (from seat,
מֵעַל),
Deuteronomy 22:8 (twice in verse) (from roof,
מִן); often into (
ב) pit (usually figurative)
Proverbs 26:27;
Proverbs 28:10, also (absolute),
Proverbs 22:14,
Ecclesiastes 10:8;
Psalm 7:16;
Psalm 57:7 (
בְּתוֺךְ), compare
Psalm 35:8;
Psalm 141:10(net), also, with
אֶל,
Isaiah 24:18 =
Jeremiah 48:44; fall
בְּלֵב יַמִּים Ezekiel 25:27; opposed to
קוּם Jeremiah 8:4 compare
Ecclesiastes 4:10 (twice in verse); with
אָחוֺר fall backward Genesis 49:17 (poem); with
בְּעַד through 2 Kings 1:2 compare (of locusts)
Joel 2:8; †
עַלחֶֿרֶב נ׳ causing death
1 Samuel 31:4,
5 =
1 Chronicles 10:4,
5; †
אַ֫רְצָה עַל־פָּנָיו נ׳ 1 Samuel 17:49 (Goliath); subject thing,
2 Kings 2:13,
14 (
מֵעַל),
2 Kings 6:5 (
אֶלֿ into water),
2 Kings 6:6 (absolute); with
עַל Leviticus 11:32,
35,
37,
38,
אֶלֿ Leviticus 11:33; absolute of tent
Judges 7:13 +
Judges 7:13 (gloss, GFM, Bu); of wall
Joshua 6:5 (JE),
Jeremiah 51:44, figurative
Ezekiel 13:11 (strike out
Sm Co Berthol),
Ezekiel 13:12;
Ezekiel 13:14,
לְאֶרֶץ Ezekiel 38:20; +
תַּחְתֶּיהָ i.e.
flat Joshua 6:20;
נ׳ of bricks
Isaiah 9:9 (in figurative),
פֶּרֶץ Isaiah 30:13; towers
Isaiah 30:25, foundations
Jeremiah 50:15;
wall fell upon (
על)
1 Kings 20:30, so of house
Judges 16:30;
Job 1:19, mountains
Hosea 10:8; mountain also absolute
Job 14:18 (compare
נָבֵל), height
Ezekiel 38:20; tree
Ecclesiastes 11:3 (twice in verse) (
ב location), compare
Isaiah 10:34 (
בְ instrumental, in figure),
Zechariah 11:2 (absolute); branches
Ezekiel 31:12 (figurative); a grain
Amos 9:9 (
אֶרֶץ =
to earth); of dew
2 Samuel 17:12 (with
על), hailstones
Ezekiel 13:11; blood (
אַ֫רְצָה)
1 Samuel 26:20; † hair of head (
ארצה)
1 Samuel 14:45;
2 Samuel 14:11;
1 Kings 1:52; horns of altar
Amos 3:14 (
לָאָרֶץ); peg
Isaiah 22:25; fruit
עַל־פֶּה Nahum 3:12; crown
Lamentations 5:16; arm from (
מִן) shoulder
Job 31:22; of sword (apparently)
2 Samuel 20:8 (but on text see Commentaries); † fire from heaven, absolute
1 Kings 18:38 with
מִן Job 1:16†; † hand of
י׳ Ezekiel 8:1 (with
עַלֿ; but read
וַתְּהִי Co Berthol); spirit of
י׳ Ezekiel 11:5 (
עַלֿ); of lot (
גּוֺרָל)
Ezekiel 24:6;
Jonah 1:7 (both with
עַל),
1 Chronicles 26:14 (with
לְ; ||
יָצָא), +
Esther 3:7 Ry Wild (
עַל); compare
Hiph. 3; hence (of share, inheritance)
fall, be allotted, to (
לְ)
Judges 18:1 (
ב =
as: בְּ 17c; so
Numbers 34:2;
Ezekiel 47:14),
Psalm 16:6, absolute
Joshua 17:5. — On
Ezekiel 47:22b see
Hiph. 3.; hence (of share, inheritance)
fall, be allotted, to (
לְ)
Judges 18:1 (
ב as: בְּ I 7 c; so
Numbers 34:2 Ezekiel 47:14),
Psalm 16:6, absolute
Joshua 17:5. — On
Ezekiel 47:22 see
Hiph. 3.
2.
a. Especially of violent death (approximately +
96 times),
Judges 5:27 (
3 times in verse) (+
שָׁדוּד),
1 Samuel 4:10;
1 Samuel 14:13;
2 Samuel 11:17;
2 Samuel 21:9;
1 Kings 22:20 2 Chronicles 18:9, etc.; +
וַיָּמָת, etc.;
2 Samuel 1:4;
2 Samuel 2:23 (twice in verse);
חָלָל נ׳ fall pierced (fatally)
Judges 9:40;
1 Samuel 17:52;
1 Samuel 31:1 =
1 Chronicles 10:1 +;
חַלְלֵי חֶרֶב Ezekiel 35:8; compare
בְּתוֺח חֲלָלִים Ezekiel 32:20;
תַּחַת הֲרוּגִים נ׳ Isaiah 10:4;
פְּגָרִים נ׳ corpses fall Jeremiah 9:21;
Numbers 14:29 (P),
Numbers 14:32 (JE); by the sword,
בַּחֶרֶב Amos 7:17;
Hosea 7:16;
Hosea 14:1;
Isaiah 3:25;
2 Samuel 1:12;
Ezekiel 5:12;
Ezekiel 6:11;
Numbers 14:3,
43 (JE), (+
בָּרָעָב,
בַּדֶּבֶר), etc.;
לְפִי חֶרֶב נ׳ †
Joshua 8:24 (JE),
Judges 4:16†;
בְּיַד by the hand of †
2 Samuel 21:22;
2 Samuel 24:14 (twice in verse) =
1 Chronicles 21:13 (twice in verse),
1 Chronicles 5:10;
1 Chronicles 20:8†;
תַּחַת רגליִ נ׳ fall under my feet 2 Samuel 22:39 =
Psalm 18:39.
3.
b. fall =
prostrate oneself before (
לִפְנֵי) man
Genesis 50:18 (E),
2 Samuel 19:19;
Genesis 44:14 (J; +
אַ֫רְצָה); before
י׳ 2 Chronicles 20:18;
אַ֫רְעָה אֶל־פָּנָיו נ׳ before
י׳ or his representative
Joshua 5:14;
Joshua 7:6 (both J E); also (
ארצה omitted)
Ezekiel 43:3;
Ezekiel 44:4; before man
2 Samuel 14:22; more often
עַל־פָּנָיו נ׳, before man
2 Samuel 9:6;
1 Kings 18:7,
39;
Ruth 2:10, before
י׳ Genesis 17:3,
17 +
6 times P,
Ezekiel 3:23;
Ezekiel 9:8;
Ezekiel 11:13;
1 Chronicles 21:16;
Daniel 8:17; +
אַ֫רְפָה, before man
2 Samuel 14:4, before
י׳ Judges 13:20;
אַ֫רְצָה לְאַפָּיו 1 Samuel 20:41,
עַל־פָּנֶיהָ דָוִד לְאַפֵּי 1 Samuel 25:23,
ארצה נ׳ 2 Samuel 1:2 (all before man);
עַלרַֿגְלָיו נ׳ fall at one's feet 1 Samuel 25:24;
2 Kings 4:37,
לִפְנֵי ר׳ Esther 8:3. See synonym below
קדד.
4.
5. † Figurative, of deep sleep, with
עַל Genesis 15:12 (J),
1 Samuel 26:12;
Job 4:13;
Job 33:15; face, countenance (in displeasure)
Genesis 4:5,
6 (J);
לֵב אָדָם עָלָיו נ׳ 1 Samuel 17:32 (of
sinking heart);
בְעֵינֵיהֶם וַיִפְּלוּ)
Nehemiah 6:16 and they were cast down in their (
own)
eyes (compare BeRy, Ryle); † of calamity followed by
עַלֿ Isaiah 47:11;
Ecclesiastes 9:12; terror, etc., followed by
עַלֿ Genesis 15:12 (J),
Joshua 2:9 (JE),
Exodus 15:16 (song),
1 Samuel 11:7;
Job 13:11;
Psalm 55:5;
Psalm 105:38;
Esther 8:17;
Esther 9:2,
3;
Daniel 10:7; reproach, followed by
עַלֿ Psalm 69:10; † =
fail to be accomplished
Joshua 21:43;
Joshua 23:14 (twice in verse) (all D),
1 Kings 8:56;
2 Kings 10:10 (+
אַ֫רְצָה); = not to be reckoned
Numbers 6:12 (P); † of word (
דָּבָר)
falling into (
ב) Israel
Isaiah 9:7; † =
fall out, turn out, result Ruth 3:18 (subject
דָּבָר).
† 7. =
lie, of Midianites, etc. (like locusts;
ב location)
Judges 9:12; =
lie prostrate,
1 Samuel 19:24; usually participle
Joshua 7:10 (J E;
עַל־פָּנֶיךָ),
1 Samuel 5:3,
4 (
לְפָנָיו),
Amos 9:11,
עַלהַֿמִּטָּה Esther 7:8; of the dead
1 Samuel 31:8 =
1 Chronicles 10:8;
Deuteronomy 21:1;
Ezekiel 32:27 (Co conjecture
נְפִילִים [compare
Genesis 6:4], see also Berthol Toy
Hpt);
נֹפֵל אַ֫רְצָה מֵת Judges 3:25; compare
Judges 4:22 (omit
ארצה);
אַ֫רְצָה נ׳ פְּגָרִים 2 Chronicles 20:24; compare also
Ezekiel 32:22,
23,
24 (strike out in
Ezekiel 32:22 Hi Co Berthol, in
Ezekiel 32:23 Toy
Hpt).
Hiph. Perfect הִפִּיל 1 Samuel 3:19 +;
2nd person masculine singular suffix
הִפַּלְתָּם Psalm 73:18;
3rd person plural הִפִּילוּ Judges 2:19 +;
1st person plural הִפַּלְנוּ Nehemiah 10:35, etc.;
Imperfect יַפִּיל Exodus 21:27,
וַיַּפֵּל Genesis 2:21 +, suffix
יַפִּלֵם Psalm 140:11;
3rd person masculine plural יַפִּילוּ 2 Kings 3:25;
Psalm 22:19,
יַפִּיל֑וּן Job 29:24, etc.;
Imperative masculine singular suffix
הַפִּלֶהָ Joshua 13:6; masculine plural
הַפִּילוּ 1 Samuel 14:42;
Infinitive construct לְהַפִּיל 1 Samuel 18:25 +;
לַנְפִּל Numbers 5:22 read
לִנְפֹּל (Di Ol
§ 78 c Sta
§ 114 a, 2 Kö
i. 309 Ges
§ 66, 2 R 1);
Participle מַפִּיל 2 Kings 6:5 +
2 times, plural
מַפִּילִים Daniel 9:18; —
1. cause to fall, with accusative, literally:
3. especially of
casting lot (
גּוֺרָל),
Isaiah 34:17 (with
לְ for),
Nehemiah 10:35 (with
עַל + infinitive),
Nehemiah 11:1 (with infinitive),
1 Chronicles 26:14 (with
לְ; so read Kit
Hpt compare
Be Öttli),
Psalm 22:19 (with
עַל),
Esther 9:24 (with infinitive); absolute
Jonah 1:7 (twice in verse);
1 Chronicles 24:31;
1 Chronicles 25:8;
1 Chronicles 26:13;
Esther 3:7; +
בְּתוֺכֵנוּ Proverbs 1:14 (i.e. share with us); omitted
גּוֺרָל 1 Samuel 14:32 (with
בֵּין),
Job 6:27 (with
עַל); hence
הִפּ׳ =
assign, apportion, by lot, usually with
לְ person,
Joshua 13:6;
Joshua 23:4 (both D),
Ezekiel 45:1;
Ezekiel 47:22a =
Ezekiel 47:22b (read
יַפִּילוּ Hi-Sm Co Berthol),
Ezekiel 48:29 (read
בְנַחֲלָה for
מנ׳ Hi-Sm, etc.),
Psalm 78:55 (compare
Qal 1 end; and
בְּ 17c).
Hithp. throw, or
prostrate oneself,
1. Infinitive construct הִתְנַפֵּל throw himself upon (
על)
Genesis 43:18 (J; i.e. attack).
2. Perfect 1st person singular הִתְנַפָּ֑לְתִּי Deuteronomy 9:25;
Imperfect 1st person singular וָאֶתְנַפַּל Deuteronomy 9:18,
25;
Participle מִתְנַפֵּל Ezra 10:1; —
prostrate oneself and
lie prostrate,
לִפְנֵי י׳. —
Pil`el. וְנִפְלַל Ezekiel 28:23, read
וְנָפַל Hi-Sm Co Berthol.
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H5308.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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