אֱלֹהִים 2570 noun masculine plural (
feminine 1 Kings 11:33; on number of occurrences of
אֵל,
אֱלוֺהַּ,
אֱלֹהִים compare also Nes
l.c.).
1. plural in number.
†b. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels
Psalm 8:6 (De Che Br; but
angels 
Ew;
God, RV and most moderns)
Genesis 1:27 (if with Philo
Jerome De Che we interpret
נעשה as God's consultation with angels; compare
Job 38:7).
c. angels Psalm 97:7 (
Calvin; but
gods, Hup De Pe Che); compare
בני (ה)אלהים = (
the)
sons of God, or
sons of gods = angels
Job 1:6;
Job 2:1;
Job 38:7;
Genesis 6:2,
4 (J; so
Books of Enoch & Jubilees Philo Jude
Jude 1:6 2 Peter 2:4 Jos
Ant. i. 3. 1, most ancient fathers and modern critics; against usage are
sons of princes, mighty men, Onk and Rab.;
sons of God, the pious, Theod Chrys Jerome Augustine Luther Calvin Hengst;
read
οἱ υιὁὶ τοῦ Θεοῦ), compare
בני אלים.
d. gods האלהים Exodus 18:11;
Exodus 22:19 (E)
1 Samuel 4:8;
2 Chronicles 2:4;
Psalm 86:8;
אלהי האלהים the
God of gods, supreme God
Deuteronomy 10:17;
Psalm 136:2;
אלהים Exodus 32:1,
23 (JE)
Judges 9:13;
אלהים אחרים other gods Exodus 20:3;
Exodus 23:13;
Joshua 24:2,
16 (E)
Deuteronomy 31:18,
20 (JE)
Deuteronomy 5:7 + (
17 times in D, not P)
Judges 2:12,
17,
19;
Judges 10:13;
1 Samuel 8:8;
1 Samuel 26:19;
1 Kings 9:6,
9 (=
2 Chronicles 7:19,
22)
2 Chronicles 11:4,
10;
2 Chronicles 14:9;
2 Kings 5:17;
2 Kings 17:35,
37,
38;
2 Kings 22:17 (=
2 Chronicles 34:25)
2 Chronicles 28:25;
Jeremiah 1:16 + (
18 times Jeremiah)
Hosea 3:1;
אלהי (ה)נכר foreign gods Genesis 35:2,
4;
Joshua 24:20,
23 (E)
Deuteronomy 31:16 (JE)
Judges 10:16;
1 Samuel 7:3;
2 Chronicles 33:15;
Jeremiah 5:19;
נחור א׳ Genesis 31:53 (E);
מצרים א׳ Exodus 12:12 (P)
Jeremiah 43:12,
13;
האמרי א׳ Joshua 24:15 (E)
Judges 6:10;
ארם א׳ etc.
Judges 10:6;
אלהים מעשה ידי Deuteronomy 4:28;
הגוים א׳ gods of the nations 2 Kings 18:33;
2 Kings 19:12;
Deuteronomy 29:17;
2 Chronicles 32:17,
19;
Isaiah 36:18;
Isaiah 37:12;
העמים א׳ Deuteronomy 6:14;
Deuteronomy 13:8;
Judges 2:12;
Psalm 96:5;
1 Chronicles 5:25;
1 Chronicles 16:26;
2 Chronicles 32:13,
14;
כסף א׳ Exodus 20:23 (E);
זהב א׳ Exodus 20:23 (E)
Exodus 32:31 (JE);
מַסֵּכָה א׳ Exodus 34:17 (J)
Leviticus 19:4 (H).
2. Plural intensive.
d. God (see 3 & 4).
3. הָאֱלֹהִים the (
TRUE)
God,
הוא האלהים י׳ Yahweh is (
the)
God Deuteronomy 4:35,
39;
Deuteronomy 7:9;
1 Kings 8:60;
1 Kings 18:39 (twice in verse);
2 Chronicles 33:13;
הוא האלהים Isaiah 45:18;
האלהים י׳ Joshua 22:34 (P ?)
1 Kings 18:21,
24;
2 Chronicles 32:16;
אתה הוא האלהים 2 Samuel 7:28;
1 Kings 18:37;
2 Kings 19:15;
1 Chronicles 17:26;
Isaiah 37:16;
Nehemiah 9:7;
האלהים as subject or object is used in E +
33 times, Chronicles +
38 times, Ecclesiastes +
31 times, Jonah +
5 times, elsewhere
Genesis 5:22,
24;
Genesis 6:9,
11 (sources of P)
Genesis 17:18 (P)
Joshua 22:34 (P ?)
Genesis 44:16 (J)
Deuteronomy 4:35,
39;
Deuteronomy 7:9;
Judges 6:36,
39;
Judges 7:14;
Judges 10:14;
Judges 16:28;
Judges 21:2;
1 Samuel 10:3,
7;
1 Samuel 14:36;
2 Samuel 2:27;
2 Samuel 6:7;
2 Samuel 7:28;
2 Samuel 12:16;
1 Kings 8:60;
1 Kings 18:21,
24 (twice in verse);
1 Kings 18:37,
39 (twice in verse);
1 Kings 19:15 (Ephr)
Job 2:10;
Jeremiah 11:12;
Isaiah 37:16;
Isaiah 45:18;
Psalm 108:14 [
Psalm 108:13] [?];
Daniel 1:9,
17;
הקדוש הא׳ י׳ 1 Samuel 6:20;
הגדול הא׳ י׳ Nehemiah 8:6;
אשר בירושלם הא׳ Ezra 1:3;
אדני האלהים Daniel 9:3; in many phrases, as
איש האלהים the man of God, acting under divine authority and influence: =
(b) prophet (the term coming into use in the Northern kingdom in the age of Elijah
1 Samuel 9:9-10, compare
אִישׁ הָרוּחַ Hosea 9:7): of
Moses Deuteronomy 33:1;
Joshua 14:6 (E)
1 Chronicles 23:14;
2 Chronicles 30:16;
Ezra 3:2;
Psalm 90:1; of
Samuel 1 Samuel 9:6-10; of
David 2 Chronicles 8:14;
Nehemiah 12:24,
36;
Shemaiah 1 Kings 12:22 (=
2 Chronicles 11:2);
Elijah, Elisha, and others of their time
1 Kings 13:1-31;
1 Kings 17:18-24;
1 Kings 20:28;
2 Kings 1:9-13;
2 Kings 4:7-42;
2 Kings 5:8-20;
2 Kings 6:6-15;
2 Kings 7:2-9;
2 Kings 8:2-11;
2 Kings 13:19;
2 Kings 23:16-17 (Ephr)
2 Chronicles 25:7,
9; unnamed prophet
1 Samuel 2:27;
Hanan Jeremiah 35:4; a later title of prophet was
עֶבֶד האלהים the servant of God, used of Moses
1 Chronicles 6:34;
2 Chronicles 24:9;
Nehemiah 10:30;
Daniel 9:11.
בית האלהים the house of God,
Judges 18:31, especially late, Chronicles (
52 times)
Ecclesiastes 4:17 [
Ecclesiastes 5:1];
Daniel 1:2;
בית י׳ הא׳ 1 Chronicles 22:1;
ארון (ברית) האלהים the ark (
of the covenant)
of God Judges 20:27;
1 Samuel 4:1-5:12;
1 Samuel 14;
2 Samuel 6:1-7:29;
15(
23 times);
1 Chronicles 13;
1 Chronicles 15;
1 Chronicles 16;
2 Chronicles 1:4 (
13 times);
מטה האלהים the rod of God Exodus 4:20;
Exodus 17:9 (E);
הר האלהים the mount of God (Horeb)
Exodus 3:1;
Exodus 4:27;
Exodus 18:5;
Exodus 24:13 (E)
1 Kings 19:8 (Ephr);
מלאך האלהים the (
theophanic)
angel of God Genesis 31:11;
Exodus 14:19 (E)
Judges 6:20;
Judges 13:6,
9;
2 Samuel 14:17,
20;
2 Samuel 19:28; in other combinations
Exodus 18:16;
Numbers 23:27 (E)
Judges 20:2;
1 Samuel 4:8;
1 Samuel 5:11;
1 Samuel 10:5;
2 Samuel 16:23;
1 Kings 12:22;
1 Chronicles 21:7 + (
14 times)
Psalm 87:3;
Ecclesiastes 9:1.
4. אֱלֹהִים =
God אֱלֹהִים אֱמֶת י׳ =
Yahweh is God in truth Jeremiah 10:10.
a. אלהים (as subject object direct or indirect) is used by P (
50 times in story of creation and deluge, elsewhere +
28 times), by E (
91 times), J chiefly in poetic sources
Genesis 3:1,
3,
5 (twice in verse);
Genesis 9:27;
Genesis 39:9;
Deuteronomy 32:17,
39, by D (
11 times) Judges (
21 times) Samuel (
50 times) Kings (
29 times) Chronicles (
45 times); in
Psalm 42-86 (
180 times often by editorial change for an original
H3068 יהוה), elsewhere
Psalm 3:3;
Psalm 5:11;
Psalm 7:11;
Psalm 7:12;
Psalm 9:18;
Psalm 10:4;
Psalm 10:13;
Psalm 14:1;
Psalm 14:2;
Psalm 14:5;
Psalm 25:22;
Psalm 36:2;
Psalm 36:8;
Psalm 77:14;
Psalm 100:3;
Psalm 108:2;
Psalm 108:6;
Psalm 108:8;
Psalm 108:12 (twice in verse);
Psalm 149:9;
Job 5:8;
Job 20:29;
Job 28:23;
Job 32:2;
Job 34:9 (& in Prologue +
6 times)
Proverbs 2:5;
Proverbs 3:4;
Proverbs 25:2; Ecclesiastes (
7 times) Hosea (
5 times);
Amos 4:11 (
כמהפכת אלתים את סדם as God overthrew Sodom =
Jeremiah 50:40 =
Isaiah 13:19)
Zechariah 8:23;
Zechariah 12:8;
Micah 3:7 (but
אליהם )
Isaiah 35:4; Isa
2 (
9 times);
Jeremiah 10:10; Ezekiel (
13 times); Malachi (
5 times); Jonah (
4 times); the phrase
לאלהים היה ל׳ Genesis 28:21 (E
R)
Genesis 17:7,
8;
Exodus 6:7;
Exodus 29:45;
Leviticus 11:45;
Leviticus 22:33;
Leviticus 25:38;
Leviticus 26:12,
45;
Numbers 15:41 (P);
Deuteronomy 26:17;
Deuteronomy 29:13;
2 Samuel 7:24 (=
1 Chronicles 17:22);
Zechariah 8:8; Jeremiah (
6 times); Ezekiel (
6 times);
אלהים צדיק righteous God Psalm 7:10;
קדשים א׳ holy God Joshua 24:19 (E);
חיים א׳ living God Deuteronomy 5:23;
1 Samuel 17:26,
36;
Jeremiah 10:10;
Jeremiah 23:36;
חי א׳ 2 Kings 19:4,
16 (=
Isaiah 37:4,
17). For the phrases
יהוה א׳,
צבאות א׳ י׳,
צבאות א׳,
י׳ אל א׳,
יה א׳,
צבאות א׳ י׳,
אלתי י׳,
צבאות,
אדני א׳ see
יהוה,
יה,
צבאות &
אדני.
b. construct אֱלֹהֵי
(
α)
with persons אֱלֹהֵי אַבְרָהָם =
God of Abraham, a phrase of J,
Genesis 26:24;
Genesis 28:13;
Genesis 31:53, elsewhere
Psalm 47:10;
1 Kings 18:36;
1 Chronicles 29:18;
2 Chronicles 30:6;
אדני אברהם א׳ Genesis 24:12,
27,
42,
48 (J);
אלהי אב father's God (various suffix & names), a phrase of E,
Genesis 31:5,
29,
42;
Genesis 46:3;
Genesis 50:17;
Exodus 3:6,
13,
15,
16;
Exodus 15:2;
Exodus 18:4;
Joshua 18:3, elsewhere
Genesis 32:10;
Genesis 43:23 (J)
Exodus 4:5 (J ?) Deuteronomy (
8 times);
Judges 2:12;
2 Kings 21:22; Chronicles (
31 times);
Daniel 11:37;
אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל Israel's God, phrase of E,
Genesis 33:20;
Exodus 5:1;
Exodus 24:10;
Exodus 32:27;
Joshua 8:30;
Joshua 14:14;
Joshua 22:16;
Joshua 24:2,
23, elsewhere
Exodus 34:23;
Joshua 7:13,
19,
20 (JE)
Numbers 16:9;
Joshua 9:18,
19;
Joshua 22:24;
Joshua 10:40,
42;
Joshua 13:14,
33 (R see Di
Joshua 7:13)
Judges 4:6;
Judges 5:3,
5;
Judges 6:8;
Judges 11:21,
23;
Judges 21:3;
1 Samuel 1:17 + (
20 times) Kings (
26 times) Chronicles (
45 times);
Psalm 41:14 [
Psalm 41:13];
Psalm 106:48 (doxology)
Psalm 59:6;
Psalm 69:7;
Isaiah 17:6;
Isaiah 21:10,
17;
Isaiah 29:23; Isaiah
3,
Isaiah 24:15;
Isaiah 37:16,
21; Isaiah
2,
Isaiah 41:17 + (
6 times);
Jeremiah 35:17 + (
48 times);
Ezekiel 8:4 + (
7 times);
Zephaniah 2:9;
Malachi 2:16;
Ruth 2:12;
מערכות ישראל א׳ God of the battle array of Israel 1 Samuel 17:45;
א׳ יַעֲקֹב 2 Samuel 23:1 (poetry)
Psalm 20:2;
Psalm 46:8; Psalm 46:12;
Psalm 75:10;
Psalm 76:7;
Psalm 81:2;
Psalm 81:5;
Psalm 84:9;
Psalm 94:7;
Isaiah 2:3 (=
Micah 4:2);
העבריים א׳ God of the Hebrews Exodus 3:18;
Exodus 5:3;
Exodus 7:16;
Exodus 9:1,
13 (JE); it is used with other proper names, Nahor
Genesis 31:53 (E), Shem
Genesis 9:26 (J), David
2 Kings 20:5;
2 Chronicles 21:12;
34:3;
Isaiah 38:5, Hezekiah
2 Chronicles 32:17, Elijah
2 Kings 2:14;
ארני המלך א׳ the God of my lord the king 1 Kings 1:36.
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