[
דָּבַר]
1142 verb speak (original meaning dubious;
range in order Thes is conjectural and not comprehensive enough;
treiben MV does not explain Arabic or Hebrew usage, but only Aramaic A meaning
go away, sustained by Arabic
دَبَرَ بِهِ go away with it, would best explain the four branches of usage: —
(1) Arabic دَبَرَ depart, perish, IV. retreat, figurative retrograde, decline; دَبْرٌ passing away, death; Assyrian dabâru, Pi. drive away, BezOrient. Diplom, Vocab., Dibbara, pest-god, Hpt. in KAT2. 500, דֶּבֶר pestilence.
(2) Arabic دَبَرَ follow behind, in time, place, or station; دَبْرٌ part behind, دُبُرٌ back, דְּבִיר hindmost chamber of temple.
(3) Syriac rfbD lead, guide, cattle, sheep, government, take a wife, = Aramaic דְּבַר; Syriac axRuvbxD, Aramaic דַּבָּר leader; Syriac axrxbvuD, Aramaic דַּבָּרָא guidance; Syriac axrbfD, Aramaic דַּבְרָא, Hebrew דֹּבֶר; Syriac rfbdfm, Aramaic מַדְבְּרָא, Hebrew מִדְבָּר pasture, wilderness; Arabic دِبْرٌ, Syriac atxyRvubeD, Aramaic דַּבַּרְתָא, Hebrew דְּבוֺרָה swarm of bees, may be in this line, as led by their queen, so Thes.
(4) Arabic دَبَّرَ consider the end or issue (of an affair), relate (a story or tradition); دَبَّرَ فِى consider, دَبَّرَ عَلَى plan against; Phoenician דבר speak; Hebrew דִּבֶּר etc. Synonym of אָמַר say, as Aramaic מַלֵּל with אֲמַר; Greek λαλεῖν, λέγειν; Lat loqui, dicere; German reden, sagen) —
†
Qal41 only infinitive (once ?) & participle:
Infinitive suffix
בְּדָבְרֶ֑ךָ (by attraction to
בְּשָׁפְטֶ֑ךָ for usual Piel)
Psalm 51:6;
Participle דֹּבֵר Exodus 6:29 +
30 times; plural
דֹּבְרִים Numbers 36:5;
Psalm 109:20; construct
דֹּבְרֵי Psalm 5:7 +
3 times; feminine
דֹּבְרוֺת Numbers 27:7;
Psalm 31:19; passive
דָּבֻר Proverbs 25:11; —
speak, absolute
Numbers 27:7;
Numbers 32:27;
Numbers 36:5 (P)
Psalm 51:6 (?);
דָּבָר דָּבֻר word spoken Proverbs 25:11; with accusative of thing
דֹּבֵר דָּבָר speaking a word Job 2:13;
אמת Psalm 15:2,
תמים Amos 5:10,
(מ)ישׁרים Proverbs 16:13;
Isaiah 33:15,
צדק Isaiah 45:19,
שׁלום Esther 10:3;
Psalm 28:3,
שׁקר(יםׅ Psalm 63:12;
Psalm 101:7;
Jeremiah 40:16,
כזב Psalm 5:7;
Psalm 58:4,
רע Psalm 109:20,
נבלה Isaiah 9:16,
הַוַּת נפשׁו Micah 7:3; with
אֶל of
person, unto Genesis 16:13 (J)
Exodus 6:29 (P)
Jeremiah 38:20;
Jeremiah 40:16;
Daniel 10:11;
Jonah 3:2;
בְּאָזְנֵי in the ears of Deuteronomy 5:1;
Jeremiah 28:7;
עַל concerning, about Psalm 31:19;
Psalm 109:20;
Jeremiah 32:42 (sometimes rendered
against, but dubious);
עִם with Psalm 28:3;
הַמַּלְאָךְ הַדֹּבֵר בִּי the angel that spake with me (as a prophet, an instrument of communicating with Israel)
Zechariah 1:9,
13,
14;
Zechariah 2:2;
Zechariah 2:7;
Zechariah 4:1,
4,
5;
Zechariah 5:5,
10;
Zechariah 6:4 (see preposition
בְּ III. 2 Ew
§ 217 f. (3)).
†
Niph.4 Perfect נִדְבְּרוּ Malachi 3:16,
נִדְבָּ֑רוּ Psalm 119:23,
נִדְבַּרְנוּ Malachi 3:13;
Participle הַנִּדְבָּרִים Ezekiel 33:30; reciprocal sense,
speak with one another, talk, absolute
Malachi 3:16; with
בְּ,
against Psalm 119:23;
Ezekiel 33:30; with
עַל,
concerning, about Malachi 3:13 (RV
against, see Ew
§ 217 i.)
Pi.1089 Perfect דִּבֶּר Genesis 12:4 +,
דִּבֵּ֑ר Genesis 21:1 + (on
דִּבֶּ֑ר Exodus 12:25;
Deuteronomy 26:19 see Bö
§ 1021 d (1) Kö
i, 188);
Imperfect יְדַבֵּר Genesis 44:7 +,
יְדַבֶּרֿ Genesis 44:18 +;
תְּדַבְּרוּן Genesis 32:20 [
Genesis 32:19],
תְּדַבֵּר֑וּן Psalm 58:2;
Imperative דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:38 +,
דַּבֶּרֿ Exodus 11:2 +;
Infinitive דַּבֵּר Genesis 24:50 +,
דַּבֶּרֿ Isaiah 59:13 +;
Participle מְדַבֵּר Genesis 27:6 +; feminine
מְדַבֶּרֶת 1 Samuel 1:13 +; — (
הַדִּבֵּר Jeremiah 5:13, infinitive Ki
48, probably Ol
§ 182 e Kö
§ 23 (5), perhaps MV; but more probably a noun, as Ges
§ 52 (2), Anm. 3 Ew
§ 156 a, dubious perfect as Sta
§ 222;
בְּיוֺם דִּבֶּר Exodus 6:28;
Numbers 3:1;
Deuteronomy 4:15;
תְּחִלַּת דִּבֶּרֿ Hosea 1:2, infinitive Ki
48 Bö
§ 987 (7) Kö
§ 23 (5); but more probably perfect, as Ges
§ 52 (2). Anm. 3); —
speak,
3. with persons:
a. rarely accusative
לְשָׁלֹם דַבְּרוֹ יָֽכְלוּ they could [
not]
speak unto him peaceably Genesis 37:4 (J; but Ew
§ 282 a about him);
אֹתָם⬩⬩⬩וַיְדַבֵּר Numbers 26:3 (P, but text corrupt see Di; not satisfactory explanation yet given, possibly read
אִתָּם see
d).
c. with
לְ speak to 1 Kings 2:19;
Ezekiel 32:21;
Daniel 2:4;
ליהוה speak, sing to Yahweh words of a song
Joshua 10:12 (D)
2 Samuel 22:1 (=
Psalm 18:1 title); in D,
דבר ל promise to, in phrases †
ל דבר(י׳) כאשׁר Deuteronomy 1:11,
21;
Deuteronomy 6:3;
Deuteronomy 9:3;
Deuteronomy 10:9;
Deuteronomy 11:25;
Deuteronomy 12:20;
Deuteronomy 15:6;
Deuteronomy 18:2;
Deuteronomy 26:18;
Deuteronomy 27:3;
Deuteronomy 29:12;
Joshua 13:14,
33;
Joshua 22:4;
Joshua 23:5,
10 (all D);
אשׁר דבר ל Deuteronomy 9:28;
1 Kings 8:24,
25,
26 (=
2 Chronicles 6:15,
16,
17). —
דבר ל Genesis 24:7;
Genesis 28:15;
Genesis 49:28;
Exodus 32:34 (J)
Joshua 9:21 (P)
Judges 14:7;
2 Samuel 23:3;
Isaiah 30:10;
Zechariah 9:10 usually rendered
speak to, but often rather
promise to. הֲיֵשׁ לְדַבֶּרלָֿךְ אֶלהַֿמֶּלֶךְ is it possible to speak for thee unto the king ? 2 Kings 4:13 (by attraction to
לַעֲשׂוֺת לָךְ).
d. with †
אֵת speak with Genesis 17:3,
22,
23;
Genesis 21:2;
Genesis 23:8;
Genesis 34:6,
8;
Genesis 35:13,
15;
Exodus 25:22;
Exodus 31:18;
Exodus 34:29,
33,
34,
35;
Numbers 3:1;
Numbers 7:89;
Joshua 22:15,
21 (all P)
Genesis 35:14;
Genesis 41:9;
Genesis 42:7;
Genesis 45:15;
Joshua 17:14 (all E)
Deuteronomy 5:21; sources of
Samuel Kings Chronicles,
2 Samuel 3:27;
2 Samuel 7:7 =
1 Chronicles 17:6;
1 Kings 8:15 2 Chronicles 6:4;
1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23;
10:10)=
אל 1 Kings 12:10)
Jeremiah 5:5;
Jeremiah 7:22;
Jeremiah 9:7;
Jeremiah 35:2;
Jeremiah 38:25;
Ezekiel 2:1;
Ezekiel 3:22,
24,
27;
Ezekiel 14:4;
Ezekiel 20:3;
Ezekiel 44:5;
Daniel 1:19;
Zechariah 8:16; compare phrases †
דבר חד את אחד speak one with another Ezekiel 33:30; †
דבר משׁפטים את speak judgments with, usually =
give judgment against, (not
Jeremiah 12:1),
Jeremiah 1:16;
Jeremiah 4:12;
Jeremiah 12:1;
Jeremiah 39:5;
Jeremiah 52:9 (=
2 Kings 25:6);
דבר טבות את speak kindly with 2 Kings 25:28 =
Jeremiah 52:32.
4. with בְּ
e. of price,
בְּנַפְשׁוֺ at the cost of his life 1 Kings 2:23 (see
בְּ III. 3).
5. with †
עַל, of the object
concerning or
about which one speaks
Genesis 18:19;
Numbers 10:29 (J)
Joshua 23:14 (D)
Judges 9:3;
1 Samuel 25:30;
1 Kings 2:4,
27;
1 Kings 5:13 (twice in verse);
1 Kings 14:2;
1 Kings 22:23 (=
2 Chronicles 18:22),
2 Kings 10:10;
2 Kings 19:21 =
Isaiah 37:22;
1 Chronicles 22:11;
2 Chronicles 23:3;
Jeremiah 1:16;
Jeremiah 18:7,
8,
9;
Jeremiah 42:19. It may have this sense in most if not all of the following, where RV renders
1 Kings 2:18,
19;
Esther 7:9;
Jeremiah 18:20 for;
2 Chronicles 32:16;
Nehemiah 6:12;
Jeremiah 11:17;
Jeremiah 16:10;
Jeremiah 25:13;
Jeremiah 26:13,
19;
Jeremiah 35:17;
Ezekiel 36:5;
Daniel 9:12;
Daniel 11:36;
Hosea 7:13;
Amos 3:1 against; and
1 Kings 9:5;
2 Kings 22:19;
Jeremiah 10:1;
Jeremiah 19:15 unto (
על is used for
אל unto 2 Chronicles 32:19;
Jeremiah 6:10;
Jeremiah 25:2;
Jeremiah 26:2;
Hosea 12:11); compare the phrase †
דבר על לב speak upon the heart, speak kindly, comfort Genesis 34:3;
Genesis 50:21 (E)
Judges 19:3;
Ruth 2:13;
1 Samuel 1:13 (seemingly from context
על for
אל,
to her heart, to herself, see Dr),
2 Samuel 19:8;
2 Chronicles 30:22;
32:6;
Isaiah 40:2;
Hosea 2:16.
Note. —
וַתָּקָם וַתְּדַבֵּר אֶתכָּֿלזֶֿרַע הַמַּמְלָכָה 2 Chronicles 22:10 
ἀπώλεσε,
interfecit, scribal error for
וַתְּאַבֵּד 2 Kings 11:1. Other explanations:
plot against, waylay (Arabic
دَبَّرَ) Thes MV;
pronounce sentence, elliptical
מִשְׁפָּטִים וַתְּדַבֵּר Ges
Hdw Rob; but compare VB. —
†
† Pu. Imperfect בַּיּוֺם שֶׁיְּדֻבַּרבָּֿהּ in the day when she may be spoken for Songs 8:8 (see
Pi. 4 c);
Participle נִכְבָּדוֺת מְדֻבָּר בָּךְ glorious things are being spoken in thee (RV Pe MV
of thee)
Psalm 87:3.
†
Hithp. Participle מִדַּבֵּר =
מִתְדַּבֵּר with accusative
מִדַּבֵּר הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה speaking this word 2 Samuel 14:13;
שָׁמַע (אֵת הַקּוֺל) מִדַּבֵּר אֶל׳ heard (
the voice, or)
one speaking unto Numbers 7:89 (P)
Ezekiel 2:2;
Ezekiel 43:6 (Di
Numbers 7:89 would read
מְדַבֵּר after
; the meaning not appreciably different from Piel; the Hithp. difficult to reconcile with
אֶל).
†
Hiph. Imperfect וַיַּדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתָּי Psalm 18:48 (
2 Samuel 22:48 has
וּמֹרִיד for rare
וַיַּדְבֵּר),
יַדְבֵּר עַמִּים תַּחְתֵּינוּ Psalm 47:4; either (compare Aramaic
דַּבַּר)
leads subject (so Ges
coegit, De Now), or (compare Arabic
أَدْبَرَ turn the back, retreat)
puts to flight, figurative for
subdues (so Hi).
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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