ἀποκρίνω: [passive, 1 aorist
ἀπεκρίθην; 1 future
ἀποκριθήσομαι];
i. to part, separate; passive
to be parted, separated (1 aorist
ἀπεκρίθην was separated, Homer, Iliad 5:12; Thucydides 2, 49; [4, 72]; Theoph. de caus. plant. 6, 14, 10; [other examples in Veitch, under the word]).
ii. to give sentence against one, decide that he has lost; hence, middle [present
ἀποκρίνομαι; 1 aorist 3 person singular
ἀπεκρίνατο]; (
to give forth a decision from myself [Winers Grammar, 253 (238)]),
to give answer, to reply; so from Thucydides down (and even in Herodotus 5, 49 [Gaisf.]; 8, 101 [Gaisf., Bekker], who generally uses
ὑποκρίνομαι). But the earlier and more elegant Greek writings do not give this sense to the passive tenses
ἀπεκρίθην,
ἀποκριθήσομαι. "The example adduced from Plato, Alcib. Secund., p. 149 b. [cf. Stallb., p. 388] is justly discredited by
Sturz, De dial. Alex., p. 148, since it is without parallel, the author of the dialogue is uncertain, and, moreover, the common form is sometimes introduced by copyists."
Lobeck ad Phryn., p. 108; [cf.
Rutherford, New Phryn., p. 186f; Veitch, under the word; Winers Grammar, 23 (22)]. But from Polybius down
ἀποκριθῆναι and
ἀποκρίνασθαι are used indiscriminately, and in the Bible the passive forms are by far the more common. In the
N. T. the aorist middle
ἀπεκρίνατο is found only in
Matthew 27:12;
Mark 14:61;
Luke 3:16;
Luke 23:9;
John 5:17,
19;
John 12:23 [R G L Tr marginal reading];
Acts 3:12; in the great majority of places
ἀπεκρίθη is used; cf. Winers Grammar, § 39, 2; [Buttmann, 51 (44)].
1. to give an answer to a question proposed,
to answer;
a. simply:
καλῶς,
Mark 12:28;
νουνεχῶς,
Mark 12:34;
ὀρθῶς,
Luke 10:28;
πρός τι,
Matthew 27:14.
b. with the accusative:
λόγον,
Matthew 22:46;
οὐδέν,
Matthew 27:12;
Mark 14:61;
Mark 15:4f.
c. with the dative etc.:
ἑνὶ ἑκάστῳ,
Colossians 4:6; together with the words which the answerer uses,
John 5:7,
11;
John 6:7,
68, etc.; the dative omitted:
John 7:46;
John 8:19,
49, etc.
πρός τινα,
Acts 25:16. joined with
φάναι, or
λέγειν, or
εἰπεῖν, in the form of a participle, as
ἀποκριθείς εἶπε or
ἔφη or
λέγει:
Matthew 4:4;
Matthew 8:8;
Matthew 15:13;
Luke 9:19;
Luke 13:2;
Mark 10:3, etc.; or
ἀπεκρίθη λέγων:
Matthew 25:9,
37,
44;
Luke 4:4 [R G L]; Luke 8:50 [R G Tr marginal reading brackets];
John 1:26;
John 10:33 [
Rec.];
John 12:23. But John far more frequently says
ἀπεκρίθη καὶ εἶπε:
John 1:48 (
John 1:49);
John 2:19;
4:13;
7:16,
20 [R G], John 7:52, etc.
d. followed by the infinitive:
Luke 20:7; followed by the accusative with infinitive:
Acts 25:4; followed by
ὅτι:
Acts 25:16.
2. In imitation of the Hebrew
עָנָה (
Gesenius, Thesaurus ii., p. 1047)
to begin to speak, but always where something has preceded (either said or done) to which the remarks refer [Winer's Grammar, 19]:
Matthew 11:25;
Matthew 12:38;
Matthew 15:15;
Matthew 17:4;
Matthew 22:1;
Matthew 28:5;
Mark 9:5 [
Mark 9:6 T Tr WH]; Mark 10:24;
11:14;
12:35;
Luke 14:3;
John 2:18;
John 5:17;
Acts 3:12;
Revelation 7:13. (
Sept. [
Deuteronomy 26:5];
Isaiah 14:10;
Zechariah 1:10;
Zechariah 3:4, etc.; 1 Macc. 2:17; 1 Macc. 8:19; 2 Macc. 15:14.) [Compare:
ἀνταποκρίνομαι.]
THAYER’S GREEK LEXICON, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Thayer's