Φίλιππος,
Φιλίππου,
ὁ,
Philip;
1. a son of Herod the Great by his fifth wife, Cleopatra of Jerusalem (
Josephus, Antiquities 17, 1, 3), and by far the best of his sons. He was tetrarch of Gaulanitis, Trachonitis, Auranitis, Batanaea. and (according to the disputed statement of
Luke 3:1) of Ituraea also (cf.
Schürer as below; but see
B. D. American edition, under the word Ituraea); and the founder of the cities of Caesarea Philippi (in the Decapolis) and Julias. After having lived long in celibacy, he married Salome, the daughter of Herod (Philip, the disinherited; see below) his halfbrother (
Josephus, Antiquities 18, 5, 4). He ruled mildly, justly and wisely thirty-seven years, and in
A.D. 34 died without issue, leaving a grateful memory of his reign in the minds of his subjects (
Josephus, Antiquities 18, 2, 1 and 4, 6;
b. j. 2, 9, 1):
Matthew 16:13;
Mark 8:27;
Luke 3:1; cf.
Keim, in
Schenkel iii., p. 40ff;
Schürer, Neutest. Zeitgesch. § 17, a.; (
BB. DD.). In
Matthew 14:3;
Mark 6:17. and
Luke 3:19 Rec. it is said that his wife was Herodias (see
Ἡρῳδιάς); thus Herod, the son of Herod the Great by Mariamne the daughter of the high priest Simon (
Josephus, Antiquities 18, 5, 1;
b. j. 1, 28, 4), who lived as a private citizen in comparative obscurity and was the first husband of Herodias (
Josephus, Antiquities 18, 5, 4), seems to have been confounded with Philip, who as a ruler was better known (cf. Volkmar, Ueber ein. histor. Irrthum in den Evangg., in Zeller's Theol. Jahrbb. for 1846, p. 363ff). Many interpreters (see especially
Krebs, Observations, etc., p. 37f; (Deyling, Observations, sacr. vol. ii. (2nd edition), p. 342ff)), in vindication of the Evangelists, make the somewhat improbable conjecture that the first husband of Herodias had two names, one a family name Herod, the other a proper name Philip; (yet so
Winer, RWB, under the word Philippus, 5;
BB. DD.; Gerlach in the Zeitschr. f. Luth. Theol. for 1869, p. 32f; Meyer on Matthew, the passage cited; Weiss on Mark, the passage cited).
2. Philip of Bethsaida (in Galilee), one of the apostles:
Matthew 10:8;
Mark 3:18;
Luke 6:14;
John 1:43-48(
John 1:44-49);
John 6:5,
7;
12:21f;
14:8f;
Acts 1:13.
3. Philip, one of the seven deacons of the church at Jerusalem, and also an 'evangelist' (
εὐαγγελιστής. which see):
Acts 6:5;
Acts 8:5-40;
Acts 21:8.
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