οὐδέ (from
Homer down), a neg. disjunctive conjunction, compounded of
οὐ and
δέ, and therefore properly, equivalent to
but not; generally, however, its oppositive force being lost, it serves to continue a negation. (On the elision of
ἐ when the next word begins with a vowel (observed by
Tdf. in eight instances, neglected in fifty-eight), see
Tdf. Proleg., p. 96; cf.
WHs Appendix, p. 146;
Winers Grammar, § 5, 1 a.;
Buttmann, p. 10f) It signifies:
1. and not, continuing a negation, yet differently from
οὔτε; for the latter connects parts or members of the same thing, since
τέ is adjunctive like the Latin
que; but
οὐδέ places side by side things that are equal and mutually exclude each other [(?). There appears to be some mistake here in what is said about 'mutual exclusion' (cf.
Winer's Grammar, § 55, 6):
οὐδέ, like
δέ, always makes reference to something preceding;
οὔτε to what follows also; the connection of clauses made negative by
οὔτε is close and internal, so that they are mutually complementary and combine into a unity, whereas clauses negatived by
οὐδέ follow one another much more loosely, often almost by accident as it were; see
Winer's Grammar, at the passage cited, and especially the quotations there given from Benfey and Klotz.] It differs from
μηδέ as
οὐ does from
μή [which see ad at the beginning]; after
οὐ, where each has its own verb:
Matthew 5:15 6:28;
Mark 4:22;
Luke 6:44;
Acts 2:27;
Acts 9:9;
Acts 17:24;
Galatians 1:17;
Galatians 4:14;
οὐκ οἶδα οὐδέ ἐπίσταμαι,
Mark 14:68 R G L marginal reading (others,
οὔτε...
οὔτε) (
Cicero, pro Rosc. American 43,
non novi neque scio); cf.
Winers Grammar, 490 (456) c.; (
Buttmann, 367 (315) note);
οὐ...
οὐδέ...
οὐδέ,
not... nor... nor, Matthew 6:26;
οὐδείς...
οὐδέ...
οὐδέ...
οὐδέ,
Revelation 5:3 (
R G; cf.
Buttmann, 367 (315);
Winer's Grammar, 491 (457));
οὐ...
οὐδέ; followed by a future...
οὐδέ μή followed by subjunctive aorist...
οὐδέ,
Revelation 7:16.
οὐ...
οὐδέ, the same verb being common to both:
Matthew 10:24;
Matthew 25:13;
Luke 6:43;
Luke 8:17 (cf.
Winers Grammar, 300 (281);
Buttmann, 355 (305) cf. § 139, 7);
John 6:24;
John 13:16;
Acts 8:21;
Acts 16:21;
Acts 24:18;
Romans 2:28;
Romans 9:16;
Galatians 1:1;
Galatians 3:28;
1 Thessalonians 5:5;
1 Timothy 2:12;
Revelation 21:23. preceded by
οὔπω,
Mark 8:17; — by
οὐδείς,
Matthew 9:17; — by
ἵνα μή, which is followed by
οὐδέ...
οὐδέ, where
μηδέ...
μηδέ might have been expected (cf.
Buttmann, § 148, 8; (
Winer's Grammar, 474 (442)))
Revelation 9:4.
οὐδέ γάρ,
for neither, John 8:42;
Romans 8:7.
2. also not (
A. V. generally
neither):
Matthew 6:15;
Matthew 21:27;
Matthew 25:45;
Mark 11:26 (
R L);
Luke 16:31;
John 15:4;
Romans 4:15;
Romans 11:21;
1 Corinthians 15:13,
16;
Galatians 1:12 (
οὐδέ γάρ ἐγώ (cf.
Buttmann, 367 (315) note; 492 (458)));
Hebrews 8:4, etc.;
ἀλλ' οὐδέ,
Luke 23:15;
ἤ οὐδέ, in a question,
or doth not even etc.?
1 Corinthians 11:14 Rec.; the simple
οὐδέ, num ne quidem (
have ye not even etc.) in a question where a negative answer is assumed (see
οὐ, 7):
Mark 12:10;
Luke 6:3;
Luke 23:40; and
G L T Tr WH in
1 Corinthians 11:14.
3. not even (
Buttmann, 369 (316)):
Matthew 6:29;
Matthew 8:10;
Mark 6:31;
Luke 7:9;
Luke 12:27;
John 21:25 (
Tdf. omits the verse);
1 Corinthians 5:1;
1 Corinthians 14:21;
οὐδέ εἷς (
Winers Grammar, 173 (163);
Buttmann, § 127, 32),
Acts 4:32;
Romans 3:10;
1 Corinthians 6:5 (
L T Tr WH οὐδείς);
οὐδέ ἕν,
John 1:3;
ἀλλ' οὐδέ,
Acts 19:2;
1 Corinthians 3:2 (
Rec. ἀλλ' οὔτε);
1 Corinthians 4:3;
Galatians 2:3. in a double negative for the sake of emphasis,
οὐκ...
οὐδέ (
Buttmann, 369 (316);
Winer's Grammar, 500 (465)):
Matthew 27:14;
Luke 18:13;
Acts 7:5.
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