Ἰάκωβος,
Ἰακώβου,
ὁ (see the preceding word (and cf.
Buttmann, 6, 18 (16))),
James;
1. son of Zebedee, an apostle, and brother of the apostle John (commonly called
James the greater or elder). He was slain with the sword by the command of king Herod Agrippa I. (circa
A.D. 44):
Matthew 4:21;
Matthew 10:2 (
Matthew 10:3);
Matthew 17:1;
Mark 1:19,
29;
Mark 3:17;
Mark 5:37;
Mark 9:2;
Mark 10:35,
41;
Mark 13:3;
Mark 14:33;
Luke 5:10;
Luke 6:14;
Luke 8:51;
Luke 9:28,
54;
Acts 1:13;
Acts 12:2.
2. James (commonly called
the less), an apostle, son of Alphaeus:
Matthew 10:3;
Mark 3:18;
Luke 6:15;
Acts 1:13; apparently identical with
Ἰάκωβος ὁ μικρός James the little (
A. V. the less), the son of Mary,
Mark 15:40 (
Matthew 27:56);
Mark 16:1, wife of Cleophas (i. e. Clopas, which see) or Alphaeus,
John 19:25; see in
Ἁλφαῖος, and in
Μαρία, 3.
3. James, the brother of our Lord (see
ἀδελφός, 1):
Matthew 13:55;
Mark 6:3;
Galatians 1:19 (where
εἰ μή is employed according to a usage illustrated under
εἰ, III. 8 c.
β'.);
Galatians 2:9,
12;
Acts 12:1?;
Acts 15:13;
21:18;
1 Corinthians 15:7 (?);
James 1:1, the leader of the Jewish Christians, and by them surnamed
ὁ δίκαιος the Just, the overseer (or bishop) of the church at Jerusalem down to the year 62 or 63 (or according to
Hegesippus in
Eusebius,
h. e. 2, 23 (translated in
B. D., p. 1206) down to 69, which is hardly probable (see Heinichen's note at the passage)), in which year he suffered martyrdom,
Josephus, Antiquities 20, 9, 1. In opposition to the orthodox opinion (defended in
B. D. under the word ), which identifies this James with James the son of Alphaeus, and understands
ὁ ἀδελφός τοῦ κυρίου to mean his cousin, cf. especially Clemen in
Winer's Zeitschr. f. wissensch. Theol. for 1829, p. 351ff; Blom, Diss. de
τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς...
τοῦ κυρίου. Lugd. 1839; Wilib. Grimm in Ersch u. Gruber's Encycl., Sect. 2, vol. 23, p. 80ff; Schaff, Das Verhältniss des Jacobus, Bruders des Herrn, zu Jacobus Alphäi. Beth 1842 (also his Church Hist. (1882) i., 272f); Hilgenfeld, Galaterbrief etc., p. 138ff; Hausrath in Sehenkel iii., p. 175ff; (Sieffert in
Herzog edition 2, vi., 464ff; and references under the word
ἀδελφός, 1 (especially
Lightfoot)).
4. An unknown
James, father of the apostle Judas (or Jude):
Luke 6:16;
Acts 1:13, according to the opinion of those interpreters who think that not
ἀδελφόν but
υἱόν must be supplied in the phrase
Ιουδαν Ἰακώβου; see
Ἰούδας, 8.
THAYER’S GREEK LEXICON, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Thayer's