שַׂר 420 noun masculine chieftain, chief, ruler, official, captain, prince (Late Hebrew especially of angels; Assyrian
šarru,
king); — absolute
שַׂר 2 Samuel 3:38 +,
הַשַּׂר Micah 7:3 +,
שָׂ֑ר Hosea 3:4 +; construct
שַׂר Judges 4:2 +; suffix
שַׂרְכֶם Daniel 10:21; plural
שָׂרִים 1 Kings 4:2 +; construct
שָׂרֵי Genesis 12:15 +; suffix
שָׂרַי Judges 5:15;
Isaiah 10:8,
שָׂרֵיכֶם Jeremiah 44:21,
שָׂרֵיהֶם Isaiah 3:4 +; —
1. chieftain, leader:
2. vassal, noble, official, under king (acting, on occasion, as counselor, commander, etc.):
a. plural, in Egypt
Genesis 12:15 (J) +
3 times in
Isaiah Isaiah 30:4 Di Du Skinner (>of foreign embassy [compare ||
מַלְאָכָיו] Che and others reading [Che
Heb. Hpt. Marti]
שָׁשׂרִים),
Psalm 105:22; Moab
Numbers 22:8 +
8 times in
Numberse 22; 23 (JE),
Amos 2:3; Edom
Isaiah 34:12 (||
הֹרִים); Assyrian
Isaiah 10:8;
Isaiah 31:9; Babylonian
Isaiah 21:5 +
7 timesin Jeremiah +
2 Chronicles 32:31 (but here perhaps vaguely =
authorities); other nations
Jeremiah 49:38 +
17 times in Ezra, Esther; in general
Isaiah 49:7;
officials, official class, under kings of Israel: David (only Chronicles)
1 Chronicles 22:17 +
5 timesin 1 Chronicles;
Ezra 8:20;
Solomon 1 Kings 4:2; Jehoiachin
2 Kings 24:12,
14; Zedak.
Jeremiah 34:21;
2 Chronicles 36:18; other kings +
19 times in 2 Chronicles; in general
Ecclesiastes 10:16,
17; see also (Judah)
Jeremiah 1:18 +
31 times in Jeremiah (
Jeremiah 17:25a strike out
שׂ׳ Gf Che Gie Du), +
4 times in Lamentations;
Ezekiel 17:12;
Zephaniah 1:8 (where distinguished from
בְּנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ, who are never called
שׂ׳); so, in general,
Nehemiah 9:32,
34;
Daniel 9:6,
8; and (Northern Israel)
Hosea 3:4 +
6 times in Hosea.
b. as having powers of magistrate (
ḳadi)
Exodus 2:14 (E +
שֹׁפֵט); under Moses (over groups of 1000, 100, 50, 10)
Exodus 18:21 +
7 times in
Exodus 18 (E),
Deuteronomy 1:15 (
4 times in verse); later in Judah
Hosea 5:10 (Now reads
שָׂרֵי תִשׁ׳),
Isaiah 1:23, compare
Isaiah 3:4,
14;
Isaiah 32:1;
Micah 7:3 (singular; ||
שֹׁפֵט),
Zephaniah 3:3 (||
id.),
Ezekiel 22:27, compare
Proverbs 8:16 (||
נְדִיבִים);
Proverbs 28:2 read perhaps
צָרֶיהָ, see Toy.
3. specifically military, = captain, general:
a. שַׂרֿ(ה)צבא Genesis 21:22,
32 (E),
Genesis 26:26 (J),
1 Samuel 12:9 +
23 times, +
יֿ׳ צֿ׳ שׂ׳ Joshua 5:14,
15 (J E;
צָבָא 1b), angel-captain in vision; see also
8, 9;
שָׂרֵי הַצּ׳ 1 Kings 1:25 +
3 times Chronicles,
שָׂרִים בַּצּ׳ 1 Chronicles 12:22 (Gi Baer; van d. H.
1 Chronicles 12:21);
שָׂרֵי צְבָאוֺת Deuteronomy 20:9;
1 Kings 2:5;
1 Chronicles 27:3;
שַׂרהַֿחַ֫יִל 2 Samuel 24:2 (but read
וְאֶלשָֿׂרֵי as
and ||
1 Chronicles 21:2 Th We Dr HPS Bu),
שָׂרֵי (הַ)ח׳ 1 Chronicles 21:4;
1 Chronicles 21:4;
2 Kings 9:5;
2 Chronicles 33:14;
Nehemiah 2:9,
שָׂרֵי הַחֲיָלִים 1 Kings 15:20 2 Chronicles 16:4;
2 Kings 25:23,
26;
Jeremiah 40:7,
13 +
7 times Jeremiah;
שָׂרֵי מִלְחָמוֺת 2 Chronicles 32:6; so
(ה)שׂר alone
2 Samuel 18:5;
2 Samuel 19:7;
1 Kings 9:22 2 Chronicles 8:9 .:B Be Kit (
שָׁרָיו וְשָׁלִישָׁיו, for MT
שָׂרֵי שׁ׳),
2 Kings 9:5 (twice in verse);
1 Chronicles 11:6,
21 +
9 times, +
Job 39:25;
Daniel 11:5;
וְגָדוֺל שׂ׳ 2 Samuel 3:38 (of Abner); possibly military figurative also in
שַׂר שָׁלוֺם Isaiah 9:5 (Messianic name).
4.
a. chief, head, of other official classes:
שַׂר הַטַּבָּחִים, Egypt,
Genesis 37:36 +
5 times;
שָׂרֵי הָרָצִים 1 Kings 14:27 2 Chronicles 12:10;
שָׂרֵי הַנִּצָּבִים 1 Kings 5:30;
1 Kings 9:23 2 Chronicles 8:10; even domestic positions (court of Pharaoh),
שַׂר הַמַּשְׁקִים Genesis 40:2 +
5 times,
שַׂר הָאוֺפוֺת Genesis 40:2 +
4 times (all E);
שָׂרֵי הַמּחְלְקוֺת 1 Chronicles 28:1, i.e. of the successive courses of royal military officials; compare
הַשַּׂר 1 Chronicles 27:28;
שַׂר הַסָּרִיסִים Daniel 1:7,
8,
9,
10,
11,
18;
שַׂר מְנוּחָה Jeremiah 51:59.
5. of religious office:
שָׂרֵי הַכֹּהֲנִים Ezra 8:24,
29;
Ezra 10:5;
2 Chronicles 36:14;
הַלְוִיִּם שׂ׳ 1 Chronicles 15:16,
22;
2 Chronicles 35:9, compare
1 Chronicles 15:5,
6,
7,
8,
10 (twice in verse); heads of classes or courses of priests, called
שָׂרֵי קֹרֶשׁ 1 Chronicles 24:5,
אֱלֹהִים שׂ׳ 1 Chronicles 24:5; —
שָׂרֵי ק׳ Isaiah 43:28 (usually
consecrated princes, whether priests, or kings, or both) is probably corrupt, read perhaps
שַׁעֲרֵי (Du) or
וַיְחַלְּלוּ שָׂרֶיךָ קָרְשִׁי Houb Klo Che
Hpt Gr (substantially).
6. late, of representative leaders of people, tribal heads,
שׂ׳ שִׁבְטֵי יִשׂ׳ 1 Chronicles 27:22;
1 Chronicles 29:6, compare
1 Chronicles 28:1; apparently = elders,
הָעָם שׂ׳ Ezekiel 11:1;
2 Chronicles 24:23;
שׂ׳ alone,
Psalm 68:28 (
3 times in verse); in post-exilic Jerusalem
Ezra 9:1,
2;
Nehemiah 4:10;
Nehemiah 10:1;
Nehemiah 11:1 (
שָׂרֵי הָעָם), + elders
Ezra 10:8,
14; called
שָׂרֵי יְהוּדָה Nehemiah 12:31,
32; of district-rulers
Nehemiah 3:9,
12,
14,
15,
16,
17,
18,
19; of heads of families,
שָׂרֵי הָאָבוֺת Ezra 8:29;
1 Chronicles 29:6 (=
רָאשֵׁי הָא׳ 1 Chronicles 24:31;
1 Chronicles 27:1;
Nehemiah 7:70).
9. שַׂרהַֿצָּבָא Daniel 8:11 =
God (probably, compare
צָרָא 1c; yet see also
צ׳ 1b), so
שַׂר שְׂרִים Daniel 8:25.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2006 by Biblesoft, Inc.
All rights reserved. Used by permission. BibleSoft.com
BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs