רוּחַ 378 noun feminineGenesis 41:8 (less often
masculineExodus 10:13 +)
breath, wind, spirit; — absolute
ר׳ Genesis 8:1 +,
ר֑וּחָה Jeremiah 52:23; construct
רוּחַ Genesis 6:17 +; suffix
רוּחִי Genesis 6:3 +,
רוּחֲךָ Psalm 104:30 +, etc.; plural
רוּחוֺת Psalm 104:4 +,
רֻחוֺת Jeremiah 49:36,
רוּחֹת Numbers 16:22;
Numbers 26:16 (see Br
רוח in O.T., JBL xix (1900), 132 ff., full statement of all passages); —
†1. breath of mouth or nostrils (33 times):
b. as mere breath: compare
2e. דִּבְרֵירֿוּחַ Job 16:3 i.e. windy words;
נוֺאָשׁ לְרוּחַ אִמְרֵי Job 6:26,
הַנְּבִיאִים יִהְיוּ לְרוּחַ Jeremiah 5:13.
c. as word of command:
(2) of Messianic king:
בְּרוּחַ שְׂפָתָיו יָמִית רָשָׁע Isaiah 11:4.
d. as hard breathing through the nostrils in anger:
2. wind (117 times):
a. wind of heaven:
Genesis 8:1 (P)
Exodus 15:10 (E)
Numbers 11:31 (J)
1 Kings 18:45 +,
Jeremiah 10:13, thence
Jeremiah 51:16;
Psalm 135:7;
רוּחַ י׳ Hosea 13:15;
Isaiah 40:7, compare
Job 26:13 (Di Bu); †
רוּחַ (ה)קָדִים east wind Exodus 10:13 (twice in verse);
Exodus 14:21 (J)
Psalm 48:8;
Jeremiah 18:17;
Ezekiel 17:10;
Ezekiel 19:12;
Ezekiel 27:26;
Jonah 4:8; †
צָפוֺן ר׳ north wind Proverbs 25:23; †
יָם ר׳ sea wind (west wind)
Exodus 10:19 (J);. †
הַיּוֺם ר׳ day wind, evening wind
Genesis 3:8 (J; compare
Songs 2:17;
Songs 4:6); †
אַרְבַּע רוּחוֺת four winds Jeremiah 49:36;
Ezekiel 37:9 (quarters?)
Daniel 8:8;
Daniel 11:4 (figurative quarters; compare
b),
Zechariah 2:10;
Zechariah 6:5;
רוּחַ סְעְרָה storm wind Psalm 107:25;
Psalm 148:8;
Ezekiel 1:4 (
סְעָרוֺת ר׳),
Ezekiel 13:11,
13;
רוּחַ סֹעָה rushing wind Psalm 55:9 (read possibly
סערה Hup);
בַּעְיָם רוּחוֺ Isaiah 11:15 (read
בְּעֹצֶם ר׳, see
עֲיָם,
עֹצֶם), etc; wind personified:
כַּנְפֵי רוּחַ 2 Samuel 22:11 =
Psalm 18:11;
Psalm 104:3, compare
Hosea 4:19;
Psalm 104:4.
d. air, gas, from womb (dubious):
כְּמוֺ יָלַדְנוּ רוּחַ Isaiah 26:18 (Di,
e);
רוּחֲכֶם אֵשׁ תֹּאכַלְכֶם (RV breath)
Isaiah 33:11 (Du,
3c).
†3. spirit, as that which breathes quickly
in animation or agitation = temper, disposition (
76 times; so, distinctively, as compared with
H5315 נֶפֶשׁ and
H3824 לֵבָב):
†4. spirit of the living, breathing being, dwelling in the בָּשָׂר of men and animals, || נֶפֶשׁ (25 times):
c. it is therefore God's spirit:
Genesis 6:3 (J; see
דִּין near the end).
e. disembodied being (dubious, Di Du
breath of wind):
עַל־פָּנַי וְרוּחַ יַחֲלֹף Job 4:15.
†5. spirit as seat of emotion = נֶפֶשׁ :
†9. spirit of God (94 times; not D or Jeremiah or any Deuteronomic writer; conception of its activity in inspiring prophecy probably discredited from abuse by false prophets, see נביא, נבא):
a. as inspiring ecstatic state of prophecy,
Numbers 11:17,
25 (twice in verse);
Numbers 11:26,
29 (J),
1 Samuel 10:6,
10 (compare
1 Samuel 10:5),
1 Samuel 19:20,
23; as inciting to deeds of frenzy, in the ecstatic state; hence conceived as
אֱלֹהִים רָעָה ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:15 (twice in verse);
1 Samuel 16:16, =
רָעָה מֵאֵת י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:14 =
רָעָה א׳ צלח ר׳ 1 Samuel 18:10 (other narrative) =
רָעָה י׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 19:9;
א׳ ר׳ 1 Samuel 16:23 =
רוּחַ הָרָעָה 1 Samuel 16:23, compare
הָרוּחַ 1 Kings 22:21 =
שֶׁקֶר ר׳ 1 Kings 22:22;
1 Kings 22:23 2 Chronicles 18:20,
21,
22 =
רוּחַ י׳ 1 Kings 22:24 2 Chronicles 18:23; compare also (in earlier prophets)
אִישׁ הָרוּחַ, i.e. one possessed by the spirit in the ecstatic state, ||
הַנָּבִּיא Hosea 9:7;
רוּחַ י׳ Micah 3:8 (||
בֹּחַ) is probably gloss (We Now);
וְלֹא רוּחִי Isaiah 30:1;
רוּחַ dealing with Ezek.:
Ezekiel 2:2;
Ezekiel 3:12,
14,
24;
Ezekiel 8:3;
Ezekiel 11:1,
5,
24 (Co gloss),
Ezekiel 37:1;
Ezekiel 43:5 (all implying ecstatic state of vision), compare Elijah
1 Kings 18:12;
2 Kings 2:16.
c. imparting warlike energy, and executive and administrative power:
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Brown-Driver-Briggs