עָבַד 290 verb work, serve (Old Aramaic
עבד do make, especially Nabataean, Palmyrene (often), Lzb
331 f. Cook
86, so
עֲבַד, Syriac
(very often); but also Old Aramaic Phoenician
עבד slave, vassal (and in many proper names),
עַבְדָּא, Syriac
id.; Assyrian
abdu,
id. (rare); Late Hebrew
עָבַד serve, performs acts of worship (with accusative of congnate meaning with verb), and derivatives; Arabic
worship, obey (God); compare We
Skizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141, II.
enslave;
slave, worshiper; Sabean
עבד id. DHM
Südar. Alt. p. 18; Gerber
Verb. Denom. 14 ff. thinks
be slave, serve (Qal) and
enslave (Hiph.) are denominative, compare also Nö
ZMG xl (1886), 741); —
Qal272 Perfect 3rd person masculine singular ע׳ Ezekiel 29:18 +; suffix
עֲבָדוֺ Malachi 3:18 +;
3rd person masculine plural עָֽבְדוּ Deuteronomy 7:4;
עָבָ֑דוּ Numbers 4:26, +
64 times Perfect;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יַעֲבֹד Genesis 25:23 +; suffix
יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Exodus 4:23;
יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ Psalm 22:31;
2 Kings 10:18;
3rd person masculine plural יַעַבְדוּ Deuteronomy 12:30 +;
יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Genesis 15:14 (Dr
§ 103)
Job 36:11;
2nd person masculine plural תַּעַבְדוּן Exodus 3:12,
תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Joshua 24:15, +
99 times Imperfect; (
תָּעָבְדֵם,
נָֽעָבְדֵם see
Hoph.);
Imperative עֲבֹד 1 Samuel 26:19; suffix
עָבְדֵהוּ 1 Chronicles 28:9;
עִבְדוּ Exodus 5:18 +
15 times;
עֲבֹ֑דוּ Ezekiel 20:39; suffix
עִבְדֻהוּ 1 Samuel 7:3;
Infinitive construct עֲבֹד Malachi 3:14 +;
עֲבָדֿ Jeremiah 34:9,
10; suffix
עָבְדוֺ Jeremiah 27:6 +, etc.;
Participle עֹבֵד Genesis 4:2 +; plural
עֹבְדִים Numbers 18:21 +; construct
עֹבְדֵי Psalm 97:7 +; suffix
עֹבְדָיו 2 Kings 10:19;
עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zechariah 2:13; —
†2. work for another, serve him by labour: absolute
Exodus 21:2 (E); with accusative pers
Genesis 29:15;
Genesis 31:6;
Exodus 21:6 (E)
Deuteronomy 15:12,
18;
Malachi 3:17;
Jeremiah 34:14, king his people
1 Kings 12:7; subject animals
Jeremiah 27:6;
Job 39:9; with accusative of person and thing
Genesis 30:26 (twice in verse);
Genesis 30:29 (J); with
לְ person
2 Samuel 16:19;
עִם Genesis 29:25,
30 (E)
Leviticus 25:40 (P);
עִמָּדִי Genesis 29:27 (E);
לִפְנֵי 2 Samuel 16:19 (twice in verse); with
בְּ of price
Genesis 29:18,
20,
25;
Genesis 31:41 (E)
Hosea 12:13;
Ezekiel 29:20; with
בְּ person
work by means of another, use him as slave,
Exodus 1:14;
Leviticus 25:39,
46 (P)
Jeremiah 22:13;
Jeremiah 25:14;
Jeremiah 27:7;
Jeremiah 30:8;
Jeremiah 34:9,
10.
3. serve as subjects: usually with accusative, their own chiefs or kings
Judges 9:28 (twice in verse);
Judges 9:38;
1 Samuel 11:1;
1 Kings 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute
Psalm 18:44 =
2 Samuel 22:44;
Jeremiah 27:7;
Jeremiah 28:14;
2 Kings 25:24 +, other nations
2 Samuel 10:19;
Jeremiah 40:9;
Zechariah 2:13 +, kings other kings
2 Kings 18:7 +, with
לְ,
1 Samuel 4:9 (twice in verse);
מַס עֹבֵד Genesis 49:15 (J)
Joshua 16:10;
1 Kings 9:21 (see
מַס); † with
בְּ person,
work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon,
Jeremiah 25:14;
Jeremiah 27:7;
Jeremiah 30:8;
Ezekiel 34:27.
4. serve God:
b. other gods, with accusative
א׳ †
Deuteronomy 7:16;
Deuteronomy 12:2,
30†;
אלהים אחרים Deuteronomy 7:4;
Deuteronomy 8:19;
Deuteronomy 11:16;
Deuteronomy 13:7;
Deuteronomy 13:14;
Deuteronomy 17:3;
Deuteronomy 28:14,
36,
64;
Deuteronomy 29:25;
Deuteronomy 30:17;
Deuteronomy 31:20;
Joshua 23:16;
Joshua 24:2,
16;
Judges 2:10;
Judges 10:13;
1 Samuel 8:8;
1 Samuel 26:19;
1 Kings 9:6,
9;
2 Kings 17:35;
2 Chronicles 7:19,
22;
Jeremiah 11:10;
Jeremiah 13:10;
Jeremiah 16:11,
13;
Jeremiah 22:9;
Jeremiah 25:6;
Jeremiah 35:15 (all D and Jeremiah);
אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֺיִם Deuteronomy 29:17;
זָרִים Jeremiah 5:19; †
כל צבא השׁמים Deuteronomy 4:19;
2 Kings 21:3;
2 Chronicles 33:3;
Jeremiah 8:2;
הבעל(יםׅ Judges 2:11;
Judges 3:7;
Judges 10:6;
Judges 10:10;
1 Samuel 12:10;
1 Kings 16:31; 1 Kings 22:54;
2 Kings 10:18 (twice in verse);
2 Kings 10:19 (twice in verse);
2 Kings 10:21,
22,
23 (twice in verse);
2 Kings 17:16; †
אלהי נֵכָר Joshua 24:20;
Jeremiah 5:19; †
(הַ)גִּלּוּלִים 2 Kings 17:12;
2 Kings 21:21 (twice in verse);
Ezekiel 20:39; †
האשׁרים 2 Chronicles 24:18;
עצבים Psalm 106:36; †
פםיל(ים) 2 Chronicles 33:22;
2 Kings 17:41;
פסל 2Ki 97:7; with
לְ, †
לבעל Judges 2:13; †
לאלהים אחרים Jeremiah 44:3.
5. serve י׳ with Levitical service (all P; compare RS
Sem i. 69): with accusative
עבד עֲבֹדָה (see
עֲבֹדָה)
Numbers 3:7,
8;
Numbers 4:23,
30,
47;
Numbers 7:5;
Numbers 8:11,
19,
22,
26;
Numbers 16:9;
Numbers 18:6,
21,
23;
Joshua 22:27; accusative omitted
Numbers 4:24,
26,
37,
41;
Numbers 8:15 (but SAM
עבדה),
Numbers 8:25;
Numbers 18:7.
†Niph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular נֶעְבָּ֑ד Ecclesiastes 5:8;
2nd person masculine plural נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ezekiel 36:9;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular יֵעָבֵד Deuteronomy 21:4;
3rd person feminine singular תֵּעָבֵד Ezekiel 36:34; —
2. Ecclesiastes 5:8 מֶלֶךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָּ֑ד dubious: a king for (devoted to) the
cultivated field (Hi); a king
that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De
see Commentaries, especially De.
†
Pual Perfect 3rd person masculine singular עֻבַּד Deuteronomy 21:3;
Isaiah 14:3; passive of
Qal, with
בְּ impersonal
Deuteronomy 21:3 of a calf with which
it has not been worked; hard
service with which it
was worked with captives Isaiah 14:3.
†
Hiph. Perfect 3rd person masculine singular הֶעֱבִיד Ezekiel 29:18;
2nd person masculine singular suffix
הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Isaiah 43:24,
הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ Isaiah 43:23,
וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Jeremiah 17:4;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular וַיַּעֲבֵד 2 Chronicles 34:33;
3rd person masculine plural יַעֲבִדוּ Exodus 1:13;
Infinitive construct הַעֲבִיד 2 Chronicles 2:17;
Participle plural
מַעֲבִדִים Exodus 6:15; —
Hoph. Imperfect 2nd person masculine singular suffix
תָּֽעָבְדֵם Exodus 20:5 =
Deuteronomy 5:9;
Exodus 23:24;
1st person plural suffix
נָֽצָבְדֵם Deuteronomy 13:3 (Kö
i. 259 Sta
§ 549 g Thes; < Nes
Marg. 12 f. Qal anomalously pointed (compare W
AG. ed. 2, i, 62 n. Fl
Kl. Schr. i. 98); Ges
§ 60 R. 1 Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.); —
be led or
enticed to serve other gods
Exodus 20:5 =
Deuteronomy 5:9;
Exodus 23:24;
Deuteronomy 13:8.
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H5648.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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