אִם conjunction (= Aramaic
NAe if [and in
HAe ,
אֶלָּא =
H NAe if not, except], Arabic
إِنْ if [and in
إِلاَّ=
إِنْ لاَ if not, except], Ethiopic
እመ፡ (
ěmma)
if =
מָה +
אִם (
مَا +
إِنْ) [and in
አላ፡ (
allâ)
if not, but], Assyrian
umma; also in Arabic
أَمْ 'An?' =
أَإِمْ, compare
הַאִם : see Nö
M p. 208, ZMG 1886, p. 739; W
AG i. § 367 e)
**Onk Jon אִם,
Hag אין.
1. hypothetical particle if.
a. construction (see more fully Dr§ 136-138, 143 FriedrichDie Hebr. Condit. sätze 1884):
(1) with imperfect (continued by perfects & waw consecutive; apodosis usually begins with perfect & waw consecutive or bare imperfect; or, if necessary, with imperative or jussive)
(b) of
past time (rare, but classical):
Genesis 31:8 אִם יאֹמַר if everhe said...
וְיָָֽלְדִוּ then they
used to bear, etc.,
Exodus 40:37; & in the protestations
Job 31:7,
13,
16,
25 etc. (alternating with pff., see below, & with jussives in apodosis)
(c) assuming a purely imaginary case (with imperfect in both clauses, like the double optative in Greek),
if, though: Genesis 13:16 so that
אִם־יוּכַל if a man
were able to number the stars, thy seed also
יִמָּנֶה might be numbered,
Numbers 22:18;
Isaiah 1:18 כַּשָּׁנִים יַלְבִּינוּ אִם־יִהְיוּ ח׳ though your sins
were as scarlet, they
should become white as snow,
Amos 9:2-4 אִם־יַחְתְּרוּ though they
were to dig into Sheôl, from thence
תִּקָּחֵם would my hand fetch them,
Psalm 27:3;
Psalm 139:8 +.
(3) with perfect.
(b) of past time, whether
(α) in actual fact, or
(β) in an assumed case (the perfect is here continued by the imperfect and waw consecutive; apodosis begins as before).
(c) with bare perfect in apodosis, in sense of
If...
had..., only
Deuteronomy 32:30 אִם־לֹא כִּי were it
not that...,
Psalm 73:15. (
לוּ is more usual in such cases.)
b. Special uses:
(4) Nearly = when — with the perfect:
c. Compounded with other particles: —
(γ) כִּי־אִם, which see.
(
ε)
רַק אִם if only (see below
רַק).
אִם־לֹא in
Ezekiel 3:6b is very difficult. The Vrss render
If I had sent, etc., implying
לֻא for
אִם־לֹא (for Ew's
אִם־לֻא =
אִלּוּ, which see, is precarious): Ges Hi Co 'but (
אִם־לֹא after a negative, compare above
Genesis 24:38;
Psalm 131:2) unto
them (Israel) have I sent thee:
they can understand thee' (but
understand is a dubious rendering of
שָׁמַע אֶל).
2. Interrogative particle
a. in direct question:
(b) more frequently in disjunctive interrogation:
b. in oblique interrogation, if, whether:
c. compounded with
הֲ,
הַאִם †
Numbers 17:28 [
Numbers 17:13]
הַאִם תַּמְנוּ לִגְוֺעַ probably an emphatic
Num? Shall we ever have finished dying?
Job 6:13 difficult: perhaps
Is it that my help is not in me? (a forcible means of expressing that that which might be thought impossible is nevertheless the case); Hi as an aposiop., If my help is not in me (am I still to wait) ? (The view that
הַאִם =
הֲלֹא nonne? is inconsistent with the fact that
אִם in a question has regularly the force of
Num?)
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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