†
כָּשַׁל verb stumble, stagger, totter (Late Hebrew
id.; Syriac [
]
give offence (occasion for stumbling),
σκανδαλιζω, (chiefly Ethpe`el Aph`el), see PS Brock Schw; Arabic
is
be heavy, sluggish); —
Qal Perfect כ׳ Nehemiah 4:4 +, (
Hosea 5:5b read
יִכָּשֵׁל, compare We),
כָּֽשְׁלָה Isaiah 3:8;
Isaiah 59:14;
כָּֽשְׁלוּ Jeremiah 46:6 +,
כָּשַׁלְנוּ Isaiah 59:10, etc.;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine plural יכשׁ֑ולו Proverbs 4:16 Kt (but read Hiph., whidh see, so Qr);
יכשׁלו Nahum 3:3 Kt (but read Perfect
וְכָֽשְׁלוּ so Qr);
Infinitive absolute כָּשׁוֺל Isaiah 40:30 (with Niph. Imperfect);
Participle active כּוֺשֵׁל Isaiah 5:27 +
2 times,
כּשֵׁל 2 Chronicles 28:15;
Psalm 105:37; feminine plural
כּשְׁלוֺת Isaiah 35:3; —
1. stumble at, over, something, with
ב (literally
by means of),
Nahum 3:3,
גִּבּוֺר בְּגִבּוֺר כ׳ Jeremiah 46:13 (+
נָפַל), compare
Leviticus 26:37;
וּנְעָרִיס בָּעֵץ כ׳ Lamentations 5:13 i.e.
stagger (of toil in captivity); absolute
Isaiah 5:27 ׅ ||
(עָיֵף,
כָּֽשְׁלוּ וְנָפָ֑לוּ Jeremiah 46:6, compare
הִרְבָּה כּוֺשֵׁ֑ל גַּםנָֿפַל אישׁ וגו׳ Jeremiah 46:16 (strange; Gie following in part
,
עֶרְבְּךָ כָּשַׁל וְנָפַל thy mixed people — compare
Jeremiah 25:20, etc. —
hath stumbled and hath fallen); often figurative of overthrow, throughdivine judgment, with
בְּ at, (see above)
Jeremiah 6:21, so
Isaiah 8:15 (+
נָפַל etc.) according to Ges Hi Bhul Che Di; <
בָּם =
among them, — Israel and Judah, — as
ב in
Isaiah 8:16, so Ew De Du EV;
Hosea 4:5 (twice in verse);
Hosea 5:5;
Hosea 14:2 (
בַּעֲוֺנֶָֽךָ,
בְּ probably instrumental); absolute of Babylon, under figure of
זָדוֺן,
ונפל כ׳ Jeremiah 50:32;
ונפל כ׳ Paslm
Jeremiah 27:2;
Isaiah 3:8;
Isaiah 31:3 (both ||
נפל); of
אֱמֶת Isaiah 59:14; in metaphor of anxiety, distress
Isaiah 59:10, Paslm Isa 107:12.
2. totter, of knees, literal
מִצּוֺם בִּרְכַּי כ׳ Paslm Isa 109:24
my knees totter from fasting; figurative
Isaiah 35:3 (||
יָדַיִם רָפוֺת)
כּוֺשֵׁל tottering one, literal
Job 4:4;
2 Chronicles 28:15; Paslm 2 Chron 105:37; hence figurative,
fail, of strength (
כֹּחַ)
Nehemiah 4:4; Paslm Neh 31:11; — Infinitive absolute
כָּשׁוֺל, see below Niph.
Niph. Perfect consecutive
וְנִכְשַׁל Daniel 11:9,
וְנִכְשְׁלוּ Daniel 11:33,
וְנִכְשָׁ֑לוּ Daniel 11:14;
Imperfect יִכָּשֵׁל Ezekiel 33:12 +
Hosea 5:5b (
. as
Hosea 5:5a, so We; MT
כָּשַׁל),
2nd person masculine singular תִּכָּשֵׁל Proverbs 4:12,
בִּכָּֽשְׁלוּ Proverbs 24:17 (yet see Ges
§ 51, R. 1),
בְּהִכָּֽשְׁלָם Daniel 11:34;
Participle נִכְשָׁל Zechariah 12:8; plural
נִכְשָׁלִים 1 Samuel 2:4; —
b. of divine judgement (with
בְּ at)
Proverbs 4:19;
Proverbs 24:16, negative
Ezekiel 33:12; see also Hosea 14:10 (
בְ location),
Jeremiah 20:11;
Daniel 11:14,
35,
מִפָּנֶיךָ וְיאֹבְדו יִכָּֽשְׁלוּ Psalm 9:4; especially =
be overthrown, of nations, armies, etc.,
Hosea 5:5 (with
בַּעֲוֺנָם, compare
Hosea 14:2 Qal),
Jeremiah 6:15 ||
נפל, compare
Jeremiah 8:12 (||
id.),
Daniel 11:19 (+
נפל),
Daniel 11:33 (
בְ instrumental),
Daniel 11:34;
Daniel 11:41.
Pi. only apparent,
תְּכַשְּׁלִי Ezekiel 36:14, read
תְּשַׁכְּלִי with Qr Vrss EV Sm Co Da (see also
Hiph. near the end).
Hiph. Perfect הִכְשִׁיל Lamentations 1:14 הִכְשַׁלְתֶּם Malachi 2:8;
Imperfect 3rd person masculine singular suffix
יַכְשִׁילְךָ 2 Chronicles 25:8;
2nd person feminine singular תַּכְשִׁלִי Ezekiel 36:15 (but strike out
Co; read
תשׁכלי, as
Ezekiel 36:14 other Vrss Sm Da);
3rd person masculine plural יַכְשִׁילוּ Proverbs 4:16 Qr (Kt see below
Qal),
וַיַּכְשִׁילֻהוּ Psalm 64:9,
וַיַּכְשִׁלוּם Jeremiah 18:15 (so
; Gie, after
.
,
וַיִּכְשְׁלוּ, [<
וַיִּכָּֽשִׁלוּ]);
Infinitive construct הַכְשִׁיל 2 Chronicles 25:8, sf
הַכְשִׁילוֺ 2 Chronicles 28:23; —
1..cause to stumble, figurative:
a. =
bring injury or
ruin to, abs
Proverbs 4:16; of punishment
Psalm 64:9 (indefinite subject; si vera lectio; text probably corrupt, see Che Bae).
2. make feeble, weak,
הִכְשִׁיל כֹּחִי Lamentations 1:14 (of God's dealing with Jerusalem)
Hoph. only
Participle והיו מֻכְשָׁלִים לְפָנֶיךָ Jeremiah 18:23 either
and let them be ones who have stumbled before thee, i.e. regard them as such (Hi Gf VB), or
and let them be ones overthrown before thee (Gie; so Qr according to Gf). So also in
Ezekiel 21:20 according to Co, compare Sm Da (MT
מִכְשֹׁלִים, see
H4383 מִכְשׁוֺל).
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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