†
חָטָא 238 verb miss (a goal or way),
go wrong, sin (Late Hebrew
id.; Aramaic
חֲטָא aXjo Assyrian
ḫâṭû. Zim
BP 46; Sabean
חֿטא,
החֿטא id., DHM in MV; Arabic
جَطِئَ do wrong, commit a mistake or
an error; II.
make to miss the mark; IV.
miss the mark, miss the way; Ethiopic
ኀፕአ፡ fail to find or
have; sometimes
sin, especially in derivatives) —
Qal Perfect ח׳ Exodus 32:31 +
29 times,
3rd person feminine singular חָֽטְאָה Leviticus 5:15;
Lamentations 1:8,
חָטָֽאָה Jeremiah 50:14;
Ezekiel 16:15,
חָטָאת Exodus 5:16, etc., +
82 times Perfect;
Imperfect יֶחֱטָא Leviticus 4:3 +
12 times,
תֶּחֱטָ֫אוּ Exodus 20:20;
Psalm 4:5, etc. +
20 times Imperfect;
Infinitive חֲטֹא Ezekiel 3:21 +
8 times,
מֵחֲטוֺא Psalm 39:2,
מֵחֲטוֺ (text error for
מחטא)
Genesis 20:6,
בְּחֶטְאָה Numbers 15:28,
חֲטאֹתוֺ Ezekiel 33:12 (strike out Co);
Participle חוֺטֵא Proverbs 13:22 +
6 times,
חֹטֵא Isaiah 1:4;
Ecclesiastes 9:2,
חוֺטֶא Isaiah 65:20 +
2 times,
חֹטֶא Ecclesiastes 8:12, suffix
חֹטְאִי Proverbs 8:36, plural
חֹטִ֯אֿים 1 Samuel 14:33, suffix
חֹטֵאת Ezekiel 18:4,
20; —
1. miss: לא תחטא thou shalt not miss anything Job 5:24,
אָץ בְּרַגְּלַיִם חוֺטֵא Proverbs 19:2 one hastening with his feet misseth (the way or the goal);
חֹטְאִי חֹמֵסנַפְשׁוֺ Proverbs 8:36 the one missing me (Wisdom)
is one wronging himself (opposed to
מֹצְאִי);
miss, i.e.
endanger, one's life
Proverbs 20:2;
Habakkuk 2:10 according to De VB (others below
3 which see).
2. sin, miss the goal or path of right and duty:
b. elsewhere always
against God, absolute
Exodus 20:20 (E),
Exodus 9:34 (J)
Joshua 7:11 (D)
Leviticus 4:3;
Leviticus 5:1,
11,
17 (twice in verse); Leviticus 5:21; Leviticus 5:23;
Numbers 16:22 (P),
Nehemiah 6:13;
Job 1:5,
22;
Job 7:20;
Job 10:14;
Job 24:19;
Job 35:6;
Psalm 4:5;
Psalm 78:32;
Isaiah 43:27;
Isaiah 64:4;
Jeremiah 2:35;
Lamentations 5:7;
Ezekiel 3:21 (twice in verse);
Ezekiel 16:51;
Ezekiel 28:16;
Ezekiel 33:12;
Hosea 8:11 (strike out We
Kl. Proph.)
Hosea 8:11;
Hosea 10:9;
Hosea 13:2;
לא נתתי לחטא חכי I have not permitted my palate to sin Job 31:30;
Participle חֹטֵא, used as adjective, sinful nation
Isaiah 1:4; sinful person
Ezekiel 18:4,
20; but usually as noun,
sinner Proverbs 11:31;
Proverbs 13:22;
Proverbs 14:21;
Ecclesiastes 2:26;
Ecclesiastes 7:26;
Ecclesiastes 8:12;
Ecclesiastes 9:2,
18;
Isaiah 65:20. Sin is confessed:
חָטָאנוּ we have sinned Numbers 14:40;
Numbers 21:7 (E)
Judges 10:15;
1 Samuel 12:10;
1 Kings 8:47 2 Chronicles 6:37;
Nehemiah 1:6;
Psalm 106:6;
Lamentations 5:16;
Daniel 9:5,
15;
חטאתי I have sinned Exodus 9:27;
Numbers 22:34 (J)
1 Samuel 15:24,
30;
2 Samuel 24:10,
17;
1 Chronicles 21:8,
17;
Job 33:27. Sin is universal:
אין אדם אשׁר לא יחטא there is no man who sinneth not 1 Kings 8:46 2 Chronicles 6:36,
כי אדם אין צדיק בארץ אשׁר יעשׂה טוב ולא יחטא Ecclesiastes 7:20 for man there is none righteous in the earth who doeth good and sinneth not; with
לְ, against God
Genesis 20:6 (E),
Genesis 39:9 (J),
Exodus 32:33;
Numbers 32:33 (both J E),
Deuteronomy 9:16;
Deuteronomy 20:18;
1 Samuel 2:25;
1 Samuel 12:23;
1 Samuel 14:33,
34;
1 Kings 8:33,
35,
46,
50 2 Chronicles 6:24,
26,
36,
39;
2 Kings 17:7;
Hosea 4:7;
Micah 7:9;
Zephaniah 1:17;
Jeremiah 40:3;
Jeremiah 44:23;
Jeremiah 50:7,
14;
Ezekiel 14:13;
Isaiah 42:24;
Job 8:4;
Psalm 78:17;
Psalm 119:11;
Nehemiah 1:6; in confession
חטאתי ל Exodus 10:16;
Joshua 7:20 (J),
2 Samuel 12:13 Psalm 41:5;
Psalm 51:6;
חטאנו ל Deuteronomy 1:41;
Judges 10:10;
1 Samuel 7:6;
Jeremiah 3:25;
Jeremiah 8:14;
Jeremiah 14:7,
20;
Daniel 9:8,
11; with
בְּ of instrument, lips
Job 2:10, tongue
Psalm 39:2; wherein
Ezekiel 37:23;
Leviticus 4:23 (P), therein Leviticus 5:22 (P); ellipsis of
בְּ in pharse
לי עונם אשׁר ח׳ (
their)
iniquity wherein they sinned against me Jeremiah 33:8 (twice in verse);
בשׁגגה by error, unwittingly Leviticus 4:2,
22,
27;
Leviticus 5:15;
Numbers 15:27,
28 (all P);
against thy judgements
Nehemiah 9:29; with
עַל with regard to Leviticus 5:5;
Numbers 6:11(P)
Nehemiah 13:26; with cognate accusative
חֲטָאָה ח׳ Exodus 32:30,
31 (JE);
חַטָּאת אשׁר ח׳ Numbers 12:11(J)
Leviticus 4:3,
28 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 4:35;
Leviticus 5:6,
10,
13 (all P)
Leviticus 19:22 (twice in verse) (H),
Deuteronomy 9:18;
1 Kings 14:16,
22;
1 Kings 15:30;
1 Kings 16:13,
19;
2 Kings 21:17;
Ezekiel 18:24;
Ezekiel 33:16;
ל חטאת אשׁר ח׳ Jeremiah 16:10;
Nehemiah 1:6;
על חטאת אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 4:14 (P);
חֵטְא ח׳ Lamentations 1:8;
חֵטְא אשׁר ח׳ Deuteronomy 19:15.
3. incur guilt, penalty by sin, forfeit: וחטאתי לך כל הימים Genesis 43:9 I shall incur the blame of sinning against thee all my days, compare
Genesis 44:32 (J); with accusative
חוֺטֵא נפשׁ for feiting oneself, one's life Proverbs 20:2;
Habakkuk 2:10 according to most, yet see below
1 —
והביא אשׁמו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:7 he shall bring his trespass-offering which he has incurred by sin;
קרבנו אשׁר ח׳ Leviticus 5:11;
מןהֿקדשׁ את אשׁר ח׳ ישׁלּם Leviticus 5:16 what he hath incurred by taking of the holy thing he shall pay.
Pi. Perfect חִטֵּא Leviticus 14:52; suffix
חִטְּאוֺ Numbers 19:19,
חִטֵּאתָ Exodus 29:36 +
2 times;
3rd person plural חִטְּאוּ Ezekiel 43:22 (twice in verse);
Imperfect יַיְחַטֵּא Leviticus 8:15; suffix
וַיְהַטְּאֵהוּ Leviticus 9:15,
תְּחַטְּאֵנִי Psalm 51:9,
אֲחַטֶּנָּה Genesis 31:39,
וַיְחַטְּאוּ 2 Chronicles 29:24;
Infinitive חַטֵּא Leviticus 14:49;
Ezekiel 43:23;
Participle הִמְחַטֵּא Leviticus 6:19; —
1. bear loss: אָנֹכִי אֲחַטֶּנָּה I bare the loss of it Genesis 31:39 (E; lit
I let it be missing ? possibly read
אֲחֻטּנה I was made to miss it ?).
4. purity from uncleanness: the house of the leper by application of the mixture of living water and blood of the bird
Leviticus 14:49,
52 (P); a person, by application of then mixture of living water and ashes of the red heifer
Numbers 19:19 (P), by sprinkling with a hyssop spring
Psalm 51:9.
Hiph. Perfect הֶחֱטִיא 1 Kings 14:16 +
17 times,
הֶחֶטִ֯י (Kt error for
החטִיא)
2 Kings 13:6; suffix
הֶחֱטִיאָם 2 Kings 17:21; plural
הֶחֱטִיאוּ 1 Kings 16:13;
Nehemiah 13:26;
Imperfect יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16;
2 Kings 21:11;
תַּחֲטִיא Deuteronomy 24:4;
וַתַּחֲטִא 1 Kings 16:2;
1 Kings 21:22; plural
יַחֲטִיאוּ Exodus 23:33;
Infinitive הַחֲטִיא Ecclesiastes 5:5;
1 Kings 16:19;
Jeremiah 32:35 (Qr),
הַחֲ֯טִי Jeremiah 32:35 (Kt error);
Participle plural construct
מַחֲטִיאֵי Isaiah 29:21; —
1. miss the mark: קֹלֵעַ בָּאֶבֶן אֶלהַֿשַּׂעְרָה וְלֹא יַחֲטִא Judges 20:16 slinging with stones at an hair and would not miss.
2. induce or
cause to sin: with accusative
Exodus 23:33(JE),
Nehemiah 13:26; elsewhere in the phrase
החטיא את ישׂראל (
he)
caused Israel to sin 1 Kings 14:16;
1 Kings 15:26,
30,
34;
1 Kings 16:2,
13,
19,
26;
1 Kings 21:22;
1 Kings 22:53;
2 Kings 3:3;
2 Kings 10:29,
31;
2 Kings 13:2,
6,
11;
2 Kings 14:24;
2 Kings 15:9,
18,
24,
28;
2 Kings 23:15; with suffix reference to Israel
2 Kings 17:21;
את יהודה 2 Kings 21:11,
16;
Jeremiah 32:35 (sometimes with 2nd accusative —
חטאת, or
אשׁר reference to
חטאת : —
1 Kings 15:26,
34;
1 Kings 16:26;
2 Kings 17:21;
2 Kings 21:16; peob. also
1 Kings 14:16;
1 Kings 15:30;
1 Kings 16:13; no 2nd accusative
1 Kings 16:2,
19;
1 Kings 21:22;
1 Kings 22:53;
2 Kings 21:11;
2 Kings 23:15;
Jeremiah 32:35; the rest are ambiguous).
3. bring into guilt, condemnation, punishment: מחטיאי אדם Isaiah 29:21 who bring a man into condemnation;
לא תחטיא את הארץ Deuteronomy 24:4 thou shalt not bring the land into guilt;
אל תתן אתפֿיך לחטיא אתבֿשׂרך Ecclesiastes 5:4 do not permit thy mouth to bring thy flesh into punishment.
Hithp. Imperfect יִתְחַטָּא Numbers 19:12 +
4 times,
יִתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 8:21;
יִתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Job 41:17,
תִּתְחַטְּאוּ Numbers 31:19,
תִּתְחַטָּ֑אוּ Numbers 31:20; —
1. miss oneself, lose oneself, figurative for
be bewildered, beside oneself,
מִשְּׁבָרִים יִתְחַטָּאוּ Job 41:17 by reason of consternation they are beside themselves (||
יגורו are afraid).
2. purity oneself from uncleanness, only in P:
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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