οὗτος,
αὕτη,
τοῦτο, demonstrative pronoun (cf.
Curtius, p. 543), Hebrew
זֶה,
זֹאת,
this; used:
I. absolutely.
1.
a. this one, visibly present here:
Matthew 3:17;
Matthew 17:5;
Mark 9:7;
Luke 7:44;
Luke 9:35;
2 Peter 1:17.
Matthew 9:3;
Matthew 21:38;
Mark 14:69;
Luke 2:34;
Luke 23:2;
John 1:15,
30;
John 7:25;
John 9:8f,
19;
John 18:21,
30;
John 21:21;
Acts 2:15;
Acts 4:10;
Acts 9:21; according to the nature and character of the person or thing mentioned, it is used with a suggestion — either of contempt, as
Matthew 13:55;
Mark 6:2;
Luke 5:21;
Luke 7:39,
49;
John 6:42,
52;
John 7:15; or of admiration,
Matthew 21:11;
Acts 9:21; cf. Wahl, Clavis apocryphor. V. T., p. 370.
b. it refers to a subject immediately preceding,
the one just named:
Luke 1:32;
Luke 2:37 (
R G L);
John 1:2;
John 6:71;
2 Timothy 3:6,
8, etc.; at the beginning of a narrative about one already mentioned,
Matthew 3:3;
Luke 16:1;
John 1:41 (
John 1:42);
John 3:2;
12:21;
21:21;
Acts 7:19;
Acts 21:24.
this one just mentioned
and no other:
John 9:9;
Acts 4:10 (
ἐν τούτῳ);
Acts 9:20;
1 John 5:6;
such as I have just described, 2 Timothy 3:5;
2 Peter 2:17.
καί οὗτος,
this one just mentioned
also, i. e. as well as the rest,
Luke 20:30 R G L;
Hebrews 8:3.
καί τοῦτον,
and him too, and him indeed, 1 Corinthians 2:2.
c. it refers to the leading subject of a sentence although in position more remote (
Winers Grammar, § 23, 1; (
Buttmann, § 127, 3)):
Acts 4:11;
Acts 7:19;
Acts 8:26 (on which see
Γάζα under the end);
1 John 5:20 (where
οὗτος is referred by (many) orthodox interpreters incorrectly ((see Alford at the passage;
Winers Grammar, and
Buttmanns Grammar, the passages cited)) to the immediately preceding subject,
Christ);
2 John 1:7.
d. it refers to what follows;
οὗτος,
αὕτη ἐστι,
in this appears... that etc.;
on this depends... that etc.: followed by
ὅτι, as
αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ ἐπαγγελία,
ὅτι,
1 John 1:5; add,
1 John 5:11,
14; — by
ἵνα,
John 15:12;
1 John 3:11,
23;
1 John 5:3;
2 John 1:6;
τοῦτο ἐστι τό ἔργον,
τό θέλημα τοῦ Θεοῦ,
ἵνα,
John 6:29,
39f.
e. it serves to repeat the subject with emphasis:
οὐ πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ,
οὗτοι Ἰσραήλ,
Romans 9:6; add,
Rom. 9:8;
Romans 2:14 (
L marginal reading
οἱ τοιοῦτοι);
Romans 7:10;
Galatians 3:7; it refers, not without special force, to a description given by a participle or by the relative
ὅς,
ὅστις; which description either follows, as
Mark 4:16,
18;
Luke 8:15,
21;
Luke 9:9;
John 11:37; followed by a relative sentence,
John 1:15;
1 Peter 5:12; — or precedes: in the form of a participle,
Matthew 10:22;
Matthew 13:20,
22;
Matthew 24:13;
Matthew 26:23;
Mark 12:40;
Luke 9:48 (
ὁ...
ὑπάρχων,
οὗτος);
John 6:46;
John 7:18;
John 15:5;
2 John 1:9;
Acts 17:7; (and
R G in
Revelation 3:5); or of the relative
ὅς,
Matthew 5:19;
Mark 3:35;
Luke 9:24,
26;
John 1:33 (here
L marginal reading
αὐτός);
John 3:26;
5:38;
Romans 8:30;
1 Corinthians 7:20;
Hebrews 13:11;
1 John 2:5;
2 Peter 2:19; in the neuter,
John 8:26;
Romans 7:16;
1 Corinthians 7:24;
Philippians 4:9;
2 Timothy 2:2; or of a preceding
ὅστις,
Matthew 18:4; in the neuter
Philippians 3:7.
ὅσοι...
οὗτοι,
Romans 8:14;
Galatians 6:12; also preceded by
εἰ τίς,
1 Corinthians 3:17 (here Lachmann
αὐτός);
1 Corinthians 8:3;
James 1:23;
James 3:2; by
ἐάν τίς,
John 9:31; cf.
Winers Grammar, § 23, 4.
f. with
αὐτός annexed,
this man
himself, Acts 25:25; plural
these themselves, Acts 24:15,
20; on the neuter see below, 2 a. b. etc.
g. As the relative and interrogative pronoun so also the demonstrative, when it is the subject, conforms in gender and number to the noun in the predicate:
οὗτοι εἰσιν οἱ υἱοί τῆς βασιλείας,
Matthew 13:38; add,
Mark 4:15f,
18;
αὕτη ἐστιν ἡ μεγάλη ἐντολή,
Matthew 22:38;
οὗτος ἐστιν ὁ πλάνος (German
diese sind),
2 John 1:7.
2. The neuter
τοῦτο
a. refers to what precedes:
Luke 5:6;
John 6:61;
Acts 19:17;
τοῦτο εἰπών, and the like,
Luke 24:40 (
T omits;
Tr brackets
WH reject the verse);
John 4:18;
John 8:6;
John 12:33;
John 18:38;
διά τοῦτο, see
διά, B. II. 2 a.;
εἰς τοῦτο, see
εἰς, B. II. 3 c.
β.;
αὐτό τοῦτο,
for this very cause, 2 Peter 1:5 (Lachmann
αὐτοί); cf.
Matthiae, § 470, 7;
Passow, under the word, C. 1 a. at the end (Liddell and Scott, under the word, C. IX. 1 at the end;
Winer's Grammar, § 21, 3 note 2; Kühner, § 410 Anm. 6);
μετά τοῦτο, see
μετά, II. 2 b.
ἐκ τούτου,
for this reason (see
ἐκ, II. 8),
John 6:66;
John 19:12;
from this, i. e.
hereby, by this note,
1 John 4:6 (cf. Westcott at the passage).
ἐν τούτῳ, for this cause,
John 16:30;
Acts 24:16;
hereby, by this token,
1 John 3:19.
ἐπί τούτῳ,
in the meanwhile, while this was going on (but see
ἐπί, B. 2 e., at the end, p. 234a),
John 4:27.
τούτου χάριν,
Ephesians 3:14. plural
ταῦτα,
John 7:4 (
these so great, so wonderful,
things);
μετά ταῦτα, see
μετά, II. 2 b.
κατά ταῦτα,
in this same
manner, Rec. in
Luke 6:23, and
Luke 17:30 (others,
τά αὐτά or
ταῦτα). it refers to the substance of the preceding discourse:
Luke 8:8;
Luke 11:27;
Luke 24:26;
John 5:34;
John 15:11;
John 21:24, and very often.
καθώς...
ταῦτα,
John 8:28.
b. it prepares the reader or hearer and renders him attentive to what follows, which tires gets special weight (
Winer's Grammar, § 23, 5):
1 John 4:2;
αὐτό τοῦτο ὅτι,
Philippians 1:6;
τοῦτο λέγω followed by direct discourse,
Galatians 3:17 (see
λέγω, II. 2 d.). it is prefixed to sentences introduced by the particles
ὅτι,
ἵνα, etc.:
τοῦτο λέγω or
φημί followed by
ὅτι,
1 Corinthians 1:12 ((see
λέγω as above);
1 Corinthians 7:29);
1 Corinthians 15:50;
γινώσκεις τοῦτο followed by
ὅτι,
Romans 6:6;
2 Timothy 3:1;
2 Peter 1:20;
2 Peter 3:3;
λογίζεσθαι τοῦτο ὅτι,
Romans 2:3; after
ὁμολογεῖν,
Acts 24:14; after
εἰδώς,
1 Timothy 1:9;
ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι,
1 John 3:16,
24;
1 John 4:9f;
τοῦτο,
ἵνα,
Luke 1:43;
εἰς τοῦτο,
ἵνα,
Acts 9:21;
Romans 14:9;
2 Corinthians 2:9;
1 Peter 3:9;
1 Peter 4:6;
1 John 3:8;
διά τοῦτο,
ἵνα,
2 Corinthians 13:10;
1 Timothy 1:16;
Philemon 1:15;
τούτων (on this neuter plural referring to a single object see
Winers Grammar, 162 (153); (cf.
Riddell, Platonic Idioms, § 41)),
ἵνα,
3 John 1:4;
ἐν τούτῳ,
ἐάν,
1 John 2:3;
ὅταν,
1 John 5:2;
τοῦτο αὐτό,
ἵνα,
on this very account, that (see a. above (but others take it here as the accusative of object; see Meyer at the passage (for instances of
αὐτό τοῦτο see
Buttmann, § 127, 12))),
2 Corinthians 2:3;
εἰς αὐτό τοῦτο,
ἵνα,
Ephesians 6:22;
Colossians 4:8;
ὅπως,
Romans 9:17. In the same manner
τοῦτο is put before an infinitive with
τό for the sake of emphasis (
Winers Grammar, § 23, 5;
Buttmann, § 140, 7, 9, etc.):
2 Corinthians 2:1; before a simple infinitive,
1 Corinthians 7:37 (here
R G prefix
τοῦ to the infinitive); before an accusative and infinitive
Ephesians 4:17; before nouns, as
τοῦτο εὔχομαι,
τήν ὑμῶν κατάρτισιν,
2 Corinthians 13:9, cf.
1 John 3:24;
1 John 5:4.
c. καί τοῦτο,
and this, and that too, and indeed, especially:
Romans 13:11;
1 Corinthians 6:6,
L T Tr WH also in 8;
Ephesians 2:8;
καί ταῦτα,
and that too, 1 Corinthians 6:8 Rec.;
Hebrews 11:12; (so
καί ταῦτα also in classical Greek; cf. Devar. edition Klotz i., p. 108; Viger. edition Herm., p. 176f;
Matthiae, § 470, 6).
d. ταῦτα,
of this sort, such, spoken contemptuously of men,
1 Corinthians 6:11 (cf.
Sophocles O.
R 1329;
Thucydides 6, 77;
Livy 30, 30; cf.
Bernhardy (1829), p. 281; (
Winers Grammar, 162 (153))).
e. τοῦτο μέν...
τοῦτο δέ,
partly... partly, Hebrews 10:33 (for examples from Greek anth. see
Winers Grammar, 142 (135);
Matthiae, ii., § 288 Anm. 2; (Kühner, § 527 Anm. 2)).
f. τουτ' ἐστιν, see
εἰμί, II. 3, p. 176{b}.
II. Joined to nouns it is used like an adjective;
a. so that the article stands between the demonstrative and the noun,
οὗτος ὁ,
αὕτη ἡ,
τοῦτο τό (cf.
Winers Grammar, § 23 at the end;
Buttmann, § 127, 29):
Matthew 12:32;
Matthew 16:18;
Matthew 17:21 (
T WH omits;
Tr brackets the verse);
Matthew 20:12;
26:29;
Mark 9:29;
Luke 7:44;
Luke 10:36;
Luke 14:30;
Luke 15:24;
John 4:15;
John 7:46 (
L WH omit;
Tr brackets the clause);
John 8:20;
10:6;
11:47;
12:5;
Acts 1:11;
Romans 11:24;
1 Timothy 1:18;
Hebrews 7:1;
Hebrews 8:10; (
1 John 4:21);
Revelation 19:9;
Revelation 20:14;
Revelation 21:5;
Revelation 22:6. etc.;
τοῦτο τό παιδίον,
such a little child
as ye see here,
Luke 9:48; cf. Bornemann at the passage (who takes
τοῦτο thus as representing the class, 'this and the like;' but cf. Meyer (edited by Weiss) at the passage).
b. so that the noun stands between the article and the demonstrative (cf.
Winer's Grammar, 548 (510)); as,
οἱ λίθοι οὗτοι, the stones which ye see lying near,
Matthew 3:9;
Matthew 4:3; add,
Matthew 5:19;
Matthew 7:24 (
L Tr WH brackets
τούτους),
Matthew 7:26,
28;
9:26 (
Tr marginal reading
WH marginal reading
αὐτῆς);
Matthew 10:23, etc.;
Mark 12:16;
Mark 13:30;
Luke 11:31;
Luke 23:47;
John 4:13,
21;
John 7:49;
John 11:9;
John 18:29;
Acts 6:13;
Acts 19:26;
Romans 15:28;
1 Corinthians 1:20;
1 Corinthians 2:6;
1 Corinthians 11:26;
2 Corinthians 4:1,
7;
2 Corinthians 8:6;
2 Corinthians 11:10;
2 Corinthians 12:13;
Ephesians 3:8;
Ephesians 5:32;
2 Timothy 2:19;
Revelation 2:24, and very often — (which construction is far more frequent with Paul than the other (see
Winer's Grammar, as above)); it is added to a noun which has another adjective,
ἡ χήρα ἡ πτωχή αὕτη,
Luke 21:3;
πάντα τά ῤήματα ταῦτα,
Luke 2:19,
51 ((
T WH L marginal reading omit;
L text
Tr marginal reading brackets
ταῦτα);
ἀπό τῆς γενεάς τῆς σκολιᾶς ταύτης,
Acts 2:40).
c. Passages in which the reading varies between
οὗτος ὁ and
ὁ...
οὗτος: viz.
οὗτος ὁ,
Mark 14:30 L text
T Tr WH;
John 4:20 R L marginal reading;
John 6:60 R G;
John 7:36 R G;
John 9:24 L WH Tr marginal reading;
John 21:23 L T Tr WH.
ὁ...
οὗτος,
Mark 14:30 R G L marginal reading;
John 4:20 G L text
T Tr WH;
John 6:60 L T Tr WH; John vii 36
L T Tr WH;
John 9:24 G T Tr text;
John 21:23 R G; etc.
d. with anarthrous nouns, especially numerical specifications (
Winer's Grammar, § 37, 5 N. 1):
τρίτον τοῦτο,
this third time, 2 Corinthians 13:1;
τοῦτο τρίτον,
John 21:14 (
Judges 16:15;
δεύτερον τοῦτο,
Genesis 27:36;
τοῦτο δέκατον,
Numbers 14:22;
τέταρτον τοῦτο,
Herodotus 5, 76). (The passages which follow, although introduced here by Prof. Grimm, are (with the exception of
Acts 1:5) clearly instances of the predicative use of
οὗτος; cf.
Winers Grammar, 110 (105) note;
Buttmann, § 127, 31; Rost § 98, 3 A. c.
α. following):
τοῦτο πάλιν δεύτερον σημεῖον ἐποίησεν,
John 4:54;
τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν ἄγει, this is the third day that Israel is passing (but see
ἄγω, 3),
Luke 24:21 (
κεῖμαι τριακοστην ταύτην ἡμέραν, this is now the thirtieth day that I lie (unburied),
Lucian, dial. mort. 13, 3);
οὐ μετά πολλάς ταύτας ἡμέρας (see
μετά, II. 2 b. (
Winers Grammar, 161 (152);
Buttmann, § 127, 4)),
Acts 1:5;
οὗτος μήν ἕκτος ἐστιν αὐτῇ, this is the sixth month with her etc.
Luke 1:36;
αὕτη ἀπογραφή πρώτη ἐγένετο,
Luke 2:2 L (
T)
Tr WH;
ταύτην ἐποίησεν ἀρχήν τῶν σημείων,
John 2:11 L T Tr WH.
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