ἁμαρτάνω; future
ἁμαρτήσω (
Matthew 18:21;
Romans 6:15; in the latter passage
L T Tr WH give
ἁμαρτήσωμεν for R G
ἁμαρτήσομεν), in classical Greek
ἁμαρτήσομαι; 1 aorist (later)
ἡμάρτησα,
Matthew 18:15;
Romans 5:14,
16 (cf. Winers Grammar, 82 (79); Buttmann, 54 (47)); 2 aorist
ἥμαρτον; perfect
ἡμάρτηκα; (according to a conjecture of
Buttmann, Lexil. i., p. 137, from the
α privative and
μείρω,
μείρομαι,
μέρος, properly,
to be without a share in, namely, the mark); properly,
to miss the mark, (Homer, Iliad 8, 311, etc.; with the genitive of the thing missed, Homer, Iliad 10, 372; 4, 491;
τοῦ σκοποῦ, Plato, Hipp. min., p. 375 a.;
τῆς ὁδοῦ, Aristophanes Plutarch, 961, others); then
to err, be mistaken; lastly
to miss or
wander from the path of uprightness and honor, to do or
go wrong. ["Even the
Sept., although the Hebrew
חָטָא also means primarily
to miss, endeavor to reserve
ἁμαρτ. exclusively for the idea of sin: and where the Hebrew signifies to miss one's aim in the literal sense, they avail themselves of expressive compounds, in particular
ἐξαμαρτάνειν,
Judges 20:16."
Zezschwitz, Profangraec, u. Biblical Sprachgeist, p. 63f] In the
N. T. to wander from the law of God, violate God's law, sin;
a. absolutely:
Matthew 27:4;
John 5:14;
John 8:11;
John 9:2;
1 John 1:10;
1 John 2:1;
1 John 3:6,
8;
1 John 5:18;
Romans 2:12;
Romans 3:23;
Romans 5:12,
14,
16;
Romans 6:15;
1 Corinthians 7:28,
36;
1 Corinthians 15:34;
Ephesians 4:26;
1 Timothy 5:20;
Titus 3:11;
Hebrews 3:17;
Hebrews 10:26 (
ἑκουσίως); [
2 Peter 2:4]; of the violation of civil laws, which Christians regard as also the transgression of divine law,
1 Peter 2:20.
b. ἁμαρτάνειν ἁμαρτίαν to commit (literally,
sin) a sin,
1 John 5:16 (
μεγάλην ἁμαρτίαν,
Exodus 32:30f. Hebrew
חֲטָאָה חָטָא;
αἰσχρὰν ἁμ. Sophocles Phil. 1249;
μεγάλα ἁμαρτήματα ἁμαρτάνειν, Plato, Phaedo, p. 113 e.); cf.
ἀγαπάω, under the end
ἁμαρτάνειν εἴς τινα [Buttmann, 173 (150); Winer's Grammar, 233 (219)]:
Matthew 18:15 (L T WH omit; Tr marginal reading brackets
εἰς σέ),
Matthew 18:21;
Luke 15:18,
21;
Luke 17:3 Rec., 4;
1 Corinthians 8:12;
τὶ εἰς Καίσαρα,
Acts 25:8;
εἰς τὸ ἴδιον σῶμα,
1 Corinthians 6:18 (
εἰς αὑτούς τε καὶ εἰς ἄλλους, Plato, rep. 3, p. 396 a.;
εἰς τὸ θεῖον, Plato, Phaedr., p. 242 c.;
εἰς θεούς, Xenophon, Hell. 1, 7, 19, etc.; [cf.
ἁμ.
κυρίῳ θεῷ, Baruch 1:13 Baruch 2:5]); Hebraistically,
ἐνώπιον (
לִפְּנֵי)
τινος [Buttmann, § 146, 1]
in the presence of, before anyone, the one wronged by the sinful act being, as it were, present and looking on:
Luke 15:18,
21 (
1 Samuel 7:6; Tobit 3:3, etc.; [cf.
ἔναντι κυρἰου, Baruch 1:17]). [For references see
ἁμαρτία. Compare:
προαμαρτάνω.]
THAYER’S GREEK LEXICON, Electronic Database.
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BLB Scripture Index of Thayer's