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Rev. 5:1 A scroll written within and on the back is like the scroll given to Ezekiel (Ezek. 2:9–3:3). This scroll resembles a Roman will or contract deed. The contents of such documents were written in detail on the inside and summarized briefly on the outside; they were then sealed with seven seals. The scroll John sees could symbolize a will to be opened so that its directions could be carried out, or it could symbolize God’s covenant with mankind. If so, the covenant curses that will happen are because of mankind’s covenant breaking. In a broader sense, the scroll contains God’s purposes for history, but its seven seals prevent the full disclosure and enactment of its contents.
Rev. 5:5 The Lion of the tribe of Judah echoes Jacob’s blessing on Judah (Gen. 49:8–12). In the OT, the Messiah was the branch that would grow from Jesse’s root to restore David’s dynasty (Isa. 11:1, 10). Now he is also called the Root of David. Jesus is not only David’s royal descendant (Rev. 22:16); he is also the source of David’s rule (Mark 12:35–37).
Rev. 5:6–7 The conquering Lion now appears as a Lamb standing, as . . . slain. Jesus, God’s servant, was led like a lamb to slaughter. He took on himself the sins of others and achieved their healing (Isa. 53:4–7; John 1:29; 1 Pet. 1:19). The Lamb’s seven horns symbolize complete power (Ps. 18:2; compare Dan. 7:24; Zech. 1:18–21). His seven eyes, identified with God’s “seven spirits” (see note on Rev. 1:4–6; also Zech. 4:10), show that the Lamb’s knowledge extends throughout all the earth.
Rev. 5:8–10 Incense symbolizes the prayers of the saints. It shows that God hears their cries for relief and will answer through judgment (8:3–5).
Rev. 5:9 Paradoxically, the Lion’s victory is his being slain as the Lamb, ransoming a multiethnic multitude (7:9) by his blood (1:5–6). Likewise, his martyrs’ faithfulness even to death is their victory (12:11).
Rev. 5:10 kingdom and priests. See 1:6; Ex. 19:6; 1 Pet. 2:9. reign on the earth. The first creation was damaged by human sin. It will be replaced by a new (or fully renewed) heaven and earth (Rev. 21:1, 4). There Christ’s saints will rule in righteousness (2 Pet. 3:13).
Rev. 5:11–12 The worship of the Lamb in this chapter testifies to his deity.
Rev. 5:13–14 every creature in heaven and on earth and under the earth and in the sea. Compare Ps. 146:6; Phil. 2:11.
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