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Psalm Ps. 81. This psalm resembles the OT prophets’ oracles, so perhaps it is best to think of it as a prophetic hymn. The primary function of the OT prophets is to challenge God’s people to covenant faithfulness. They tell of covenant blessings or punishments that will come, depending on the people’s response. This psalm reviews the basic history of the covenant, charges Israel with unfaithfulness, and urges them to once again embrace the covenant. God would then subdue Israel’s enemies.
Ps. 81:1–3 The call to worship is a jubilant one. The people should shout for joy and play the various musical instruments (v. 2). The new moon and full moon are the beginning and middle of months in ancient Israel. This may show that the psalm was intended for the feast day of Trumpets (Lev. 23:23–25) and then Booths (Lev. 23:33–36).
Ps. 81:4–7 The God of Jacob worked on behalf of his people to deliver them from slavery in Egypt (see Ex. 6:6).
Ps. 81:8–10 I am the Lord your God, who brought you up out of the land of Egypt is very similar to the preface to the Ten Commandments (Ex. 20:2). The basic warning, there shall be no strange god among you; you shall not bow down to a foreign god, summarizes the first two commandments (Ex. 20:3–6). The Lord wants his people to listen to him, to receive the covenant as an expression of his grace, to believe in him, and to live as he directs.
Ps. 81:11–16 God’s people did not listen to his voice (v. 11), which led to sad consequences (v. 12). But God has not given up, and he addresses his people again with the opportunity to listen, to embrace the covenant, and to walk in God’s good ways (v. 13). The consequences of this genuine faithfulness would be victory over their enemies (v. 14) and fruitfulness for the land (v. 16).
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