Psalm Ps. 133. This wisdom psalm celebrates the beauty of unity. It uses two colorful similes to describe the blessedness of Israel being true to its calling.
Ps. 133:1 brothers dwell in unity. Since this is a Song of Ascents, the “brothers dwelling in unity” would be the fellow Israelite pilgrims gathered in Jerusalem, living in peace with one another.
Ps. 133:2 oil on the head. This oil made the priests “holy,” set apart for God’s purpose. The image means that when Israel is true to its ideal, it displays genuine dedication to God and carries out its calling in the world.
Ps. 133:3 dew . . . falls on the mountains of Zion. The dew is crucial for the vegetation during the dry season (Gen. 27:28; 1 Kings 17:1; Hag. 1:10). A fruitful land was part of the covenantal ideal (see Deut. 28:1–14).
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