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Num. 18:1–7 In general, the priests guarded the interior of the tabernacle (vv. 5–7) and the Levites guarded its exterior (vv. 3–4). Any outsider (that is, any unauthorized person) is to be executed if he is caught trespassing (vv. 4, 7). If a Levite enters the area guarded by the priests, both the Levite and priest will die (v. 3). These rigorous measures are designed that there may never again be wrath on the people of Israel (v. 5). The risk of divine judgment for ritual trespass will be limited to the priests and Levites, who bear iniquity connected with your priesthood (v. 1).
Num. 18:8–20 The priests’ income came from the sacrifices and similar offerings. Only priests could eat parts of the cereal, sin, and guilt offerings (vv. 8–10). All clean members of the priestly families could eat (vv. 11–19) parts of the peace offerings (v. 11), firstfruits of the harvest (vv. 12–13), and firstborn animals (vv. 17–18). The firstborn of man and the firstborn of unclean animals must be “redeemed,” that is, replaced by a gift. Parents must give five shekels for their firstborn son (v. 16; see also Ex. 13:1–2, 11–16).
Num. 18:19 Covenant of salt forever indicates a permanent and unbreakable agreement (compare 2 Chron. 13:5). The salt’s significance may be as a preservative or as a seasoning of food. It points to a shared meal between two parties, symbolic of their friendship and the binding nature of their covenant.
Num. 18:21–24 The Levites’ income comes from the tithe given by the other tribes. It compensates them for having no inheritance among the people of Israel (vv. 23–24). Unlike other tribes, they had no tribal territory, only 48 cities scattered through the land (35:1–8).
Num. 18:25–32 The Levites had to give a tenth of their income to the priests. The priests were to receive the best tenth of the tithe (vv. 29–30; compare Lev. 22:18–25; Mal. 1:6–14).
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