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Mic. 4:1–7 Jerusalem and its temple, once destroyed (3:12), are exalted as a source of instruction, justice, and righteousness (4:1–5). The weak become strong under Yahweh’s rule (vv. 6–7). Verses 1–5 are almost identical to Isa. 2:1–5.
Mic. 4:1 in the latter days. Micah envisions a new era in which Jerusalem’s fortunes are reversed. See note on Isa. 2:2 for the time of “the latter days.” shall flow to it. Rather than streaming to false gods (compare Jer. 51:44), the nations will worship the Lord.
Mic. 4:2 out of Zion shall go forth the law. The teaching of God’s ways will go from Jerusalem to all nations.
Mic. 4:3 They shall beat their swords into plowshares looks forward to a time “in the latter days” (v. 1) when armies or weapons are no longer needed (see note on Isa. 2:4).
Mic. 4:4 vine . . . fig tree. A key OT image of peace and prosperity (compare 1 Kings 4:25; Zech. 3:10). The military title Lord of hosts (that is, of armies) emphasizes God’s power to bring about these events.
Mic. 4:5 but we will walk . . . forever. In contrast to the pagan nations, the people of God walk together, united to their King (v. 2).
Mic. 4:6–7 God promises to gather his exiled people to Zion, where they will submit to him as their King. In that day. See v. 1; 5:10.
Mic. 4:8–5:15 As the kingdom is established (4:8), the focus moves from distress and salvation (4:9–5:1) to messianic intervention and victory (5:2–6). The remnant both blesses and curses the nations (5:7–9), and the Lord obliterates idolatries from his people (5:10–15).
Mic. 4:8 tower of the flock . . . former dominion. As David ruled from Jerusalem, so a new king will rule once more. daughter of Zion. Jerusalem’s inhabitants.
Mic. 4:9 Is there no king in you? Human kings cannot save the people.
Mic. 4:11 nations are assembled. The specific setting is probably the Assyrian attack in 701 b.c. (see 5:5). defiled . . . gaze. The gathered forces express their desire to defile Jerusalem’s holy temple and expose it to public scorn.
Mic. 4:12 his plan . . . he has gathered. The nations have assembled themselves (v. 11), and yet it is Yahweh who brings them to his threshing floor. War is pictured as a harvest, which is often a picture of judgment (e.g., Jer. 51:33; Matt. 13:30; Rev. 14:15).
Mic. 4:13 Arise and thresh. Zion is pictured as an invincible ox treading grain. Lord of the whole earth. The Lord controls everything.
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