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Josh. 4:2 twelve men. Each of the 12 tribes is represented, showing the importance of the Jordan crossing for all Israel (see 3:12).
Josh. 4:9 Joshua set up twelve stones in the midst of the Jordan. It is unclear whether this is a separate group of stones from those set up in Gilgal (vv. 8, 20). The Hebrew text could suggest a second memorial, but the larger context suggests only one set of stones. to this day. The “day” in question is the day either of the author of Joshua or of the historical sources he used (compare 2 Chron. 5:9).
Josh. 4:13 plains of Jericho. The troops passed over a broad plain between Jericho and the Jordan River, some 5 miles (8 km) east of Jericho.
Josh. 4:14 exalted. See 3:7.
Josh. 4:20 The twelve stones that Joshua set up at Gilgal represent the first of seven stone memorials described in Joshua (see 7:26; 8:28–29; 8:32; 10:27; 22:34; 24:26–27).
Josh. 4:21–23 These stones will help teach future generations to respect and obey the all-powerful God.
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