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Jer. 44:1 The diversity of locations in Egypt emphasizes that the message that follows is for all the Judeans . . . in the land of Egypt. Clearly many Judean refugees had fled to Egypt.
Jer. 44:4–5 This disaster came upon Jerusalem because the people rejected God’s servants the prophets and refused to turn from idolatry (25:4; 35:15).
Jer. 44:8 Already the Judeans who have fled to Egypt (v. 1) have begun to worship the gods that their new nation serves.
Jer. 44:9–10 The people commit the same acts Jeremiah condemned in 7:16–20. Despite all they have endured, they continue to reject God’s word revealed through Moses (9:13–14; 26:4–6).
Jer. 44:11–14 Babylon will complete its role as an instrument of God’s wrath (27:1–15) against Judah’s idolatrous remnant. Judah will become a warning to other peoples (18:16; 24:9; 29:18; 34:17).
Jer. 44:17–18 The refugees will continue to worship the queen of heaven, which most likely refers to Ishtar, the goddess of fertility. The whole nation (fathers, kings, officials) participated in the cult (see 7:18).
Jer. 44:21–23 Jeremiah argues that Judah’s participation in idolatry led to their defeat. God remembered what they did, and he acted accordingly.
Jer. 44:26 These Judeans have reversed salvation history by returning to Egypt and her gods. So, God will take back the name he revealed to Moses (Ex. 3:14; 6:2–3) and the saving, covenantal presence his name symbolizes.
Jer. 44:29–30 God offers the people a sign: when Egypt’s current king dies, they will know that God has spoken truly. Hophra ruled Egypt c. 589–570 b.c. He supported Zedekiah against Babylon (37:5), so he was probably a special favorite of the Judeans. hand of his enemies. Domestic enemies overthrew Hophra in 570 b.c. and killed him three years later.
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