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Judg 20:1–48 Gibeah was a Benjaminite city, and so an assembly of all Israel came together at Mizpah to take action against Benjamin (vv. 1–11). The Benjaminites, who apparently were not at the assembly (v. 3), refused to deliver the inhabitants of Gibeah to them, Instead, they prepared for battle (vv. 12–17). It was a grim measure of Israel’s rebellion that such destruction was directed against fellow Israelites.
Judg 20:1–2 From Dan to Beersheba was a phrase commonly used to describe the entire land of Israel, from north to south (compare 1 Sam. 3:20; 2 Sam. 24:2; 1 Kings 4:25). assembly. The Hebrew word indicates a specially called gathering, usually for a religious (Num. 16:3; 1 Chron. 28:8) or military purpose (Num. 22:4, “horde”; 1 Sam. 17:47).
Judg 20:9 The tribes agreed to send a tenth of their men (v. 10), chosen by lot.
Judg 20:12–14 purge evil from Israel (compare Deut. 13:5; 17:7; etc.). This evil deed pollutes the whole people. Benjamin’s decision to protect the evildoers sets the stage for further horrors.
Judg 20:15–16 26,000 men. The Benjaminite force, large as it was, equaled only a small fraction of the Israelite coalition (400,000 men; v. 17). left-handed. The left-handedness of the 700 expert slingers was an advantage, since their shots would come from an unexpected angle.
Judg 20:18 Judah . . . first. As before (1:1–2), Judah took the lead.
Judg 20:25–26 The fasting and sacrificing of the Israelites is very rare in this period. See note on 2:5.
Judg 20:28 Phinehas. See Num. 25:6–11.
Judg 20:47 Despite the defeat, 600 men of Benjamin survived to become the core of the renewed tribe (21:13–15).
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