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Judg 19:1–30 In one of the most sordid stories in the Bible, rape, murder, and cruelty lead to the death of an innocent woman and, eventually, to civil war.
Judg 19:1 no king in Israel. Compare 17:6; 18:1; 21:25. concubine. See note on Gen. 25:5–6.
Judg 19:3–9 An elaborate ritual of hospitality takes place, in sharp contrast to what follows.
Judg 19:10–12 Jebus (that is, Jerusalem). Jerusalem was then in the hands of the Jebusites and therefore is referred to as a city of foreigners (see note on 1:8). Gibeah was about 4 miles (6 km) north of Jerusalem. The Levite considered Gibeah a safer place to spend the night than Jerusalem, because Gibeah was a Benjaminite city (19:14, 16).
Judg 19:16–21 old man . . . sojourning in Gibeah. The Levite had thought it would be safer to stay in Gibeah than in Jerusalem (see note on vv. 10–12). Yet in Gibeah he found hospitality from an outsider rather than from the residents of the city—a striking commentary on the deplorable state of affairs in Israel. hill country of Ephraim. See v. 1.
Judg 19:22–26 The “hospitality” offered by Gibeah was like that of Sodom (compare Genesis 19). It is likely the author patterned this text after the Genesis account, as if to say, “Things are as bad now as in the days of Sodom!”
Judg 19:22 that we may know him. The word “know” was the normal Hebrew euphemism for sexual relations (compare Gen. 4:1). The same expression appears in Gen. 19:5, where the men of Sodom wanted to have homosexual relations with Lot’s guests.
Judg 19:27–30 The Levite’s reaction to his concubine’s death illustrates his heartlessness. His gruesome response was intended to rally the 12 tribes against Gibeah. has never happened or been seen. It is unclear what was being referred to here—the outrageous actions of the men of Gibeah or the cutting up of the concubine—but it is more likely the former (see 20:10).
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