Judg 10:1–2 Tola was the sixth judge, the second “minor” judge. Little is recorded about him. He judged 23 years. He arose to save Israel after Abimelech’s damaging rule.
Judg 10:3–5 Jair, the seventh judge and third minor judge, judged 22 years. He was rather wealthy (v. 4) and lived in Gilead.
Judg 10:6–12:7 Jephthah was the eighth judge and, like Jair, was from Gilead. He is the third judge (after Deborah and Gideon) whose story is told in great detail.
Judg 10:6 The references to seven groupings of foreign gods (compare the seven nations in vv. 11–12) shows the wide scope of Israel’s unfaithfulness. Not only did they worship the major Canaanite deities (Baal, Asherah, Ashtoreth; see notes on 2:13; 3:7; 6:25–26), but apparently they worshiped the gods of any people with whom they came into contact.
Judg 10:14 gods whom you have chosen. See v. 6. The Israelites had also “chosen” new gods in Deborah’s time (5:8).
Judg 10:16 he became impatient over the misery of Israel. This phrase may be saying that God was moved to mercy by Israel’s misery and repentance (see 2:18). Another interpretation is that Israel’s unfaithfulness, which causes their misery, is making God impatient. This would indicate that Israel’s “repentance” was only superficial.
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