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Isa. 6:1–12:6 God Redefines the Future of His People: “Your Guilt Is Taken Away.” God’s grace will preserve a remnant of his people. They will enjoy his eternal messianic kingdom and will fulfill the purpose for which he called them. That offer of grace spreads from Isaiah (6:1–13) to the southern kingdom of Judah (7:1–9:7) to the northern kingdom of Israel (9:8–11:16), bringing God’s people to the “wells of salvation” (12:1–6).
Isa. 6:1 In the year. Around 740 b.c. King Uzziah died, marking the end of a lengthy era of national prosperity (see 2 Chronicles 26).
Isa. 6:2 the seraphim. Fiery angelic beings (the Hebrew word means “flames”). six wings . . . he covered. Even a perfect, superhuman creature humbles himself before the all-holy God.
Isa. 6:3 Holy, holy, holy. Holiness implies absolute moral purity and absolute uniqueness. Repeating the term three times emphasizes these qualities (compare Rev. 4:8). Glory is a technical term for God’s self-displayed presence with his people, which took various forms. God’s glory was seen in the cloud in the wilderness (Ex. 16:7, 10), and it filled the tabernacle (Ex. 40:34–35) and then the temple (1 Kings 8:11), where the worshipers could see it (Ex. 29:43; Ps. 26:8; 63:2). This glory was also present in Jesus (John 1:14).
Isa. 6:4–5 Woe is me! For the first time in the book, Isaiah speaks. His word is a lament over his own sinful condition. He admits that he has unclean lips (for the meaning of “unclean” here, see Introduction to Leviticus: Problems in Understanding Leviticus). I dwell in the midst. Isaiah’s generation is unfit for God, and Isaiah himself is no better.
Isa. 6:6–7 this has touched your lips. Isaiah has been prepared to speak God’s message. altar . . . atoned for. God declares the remedy for Isaiah’s sin to be sufficient and instantly effective.
Isa. 6:8 Whom shall I send, and who will go for us? Compare “let us make man” (Gen. 1:26). God could be addressing himself, as one God existing in three Persons (the Christian doctrine of the Trinity; see note on Gen. 1:26), or he could be addressing his heavenly court. This second interpretation is less likely, since God alone is doing the sending here.
Isa. 6:9–10 God decrees that the prophet’s ministry will have a hardening effect on his hearers (compare Matt. 13:14–15; John 12:39–40; Acts 28:25–27).
Isa. 6:11–13 God’s discipline will leave only a remnant of his people—the holy seed—like a single stump left after a forest has been burned over.
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