Isa. 34:1–35:10 These chapters describe God’s final judgment of the world (ch. 34) and vindication of his people (ch. 35), with their everlasting happiness.
Isa. 34:1–17 God’s word to all who oppose him: everlasting wrath is coming.
Isa. 34:1 Draw near, O nations. God summons the whole world to judgment at the end of history.
Isa. 34:2 the Lord is enraged. The Hebrew could be translated, “The Lord has rage.” Thus, four times in ch. 34 Isaiah says, “The Lord has . . .”: The Lord has rage (v. 2), a sword (v. 6), a sacrifice (v. 6), and a day of vengeance (v. 8) as his resources for judgment. devoted them to destruction. See note on Deut. 20:16–18.
Isa. 34:5–7 Edom represents “all the nations” (v. 2) under God’s judgment (see 63:1; Ezekiel 35). sacrifice . . . great slaughter. The world becomes a bloody altar as God requires payment for sin. Bozrah. The capital city of Edom (see Jer. 49:22).
Isa. 34:11 confusion . . . emptiness. These words first appear in Gen. 1:2 (“without form”; “void”), describing the world before God ordered it and filled it with life.
Isa. 34:13 Thorns . . . nettles and thistles recalls the curse of Gen. 3:17–18.
Isa. 34:16 the book of the Lord. His decrees—in this case, as revealed by Isaiah (see Ps. 139:16; Rev. 20:12).
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