Isa. 29:1 Ah. See note on 28:1. Ariel, Ariel (that is, “Jerusalem, Jerusalem”). The address is repeated out of great sorrow and compassion. The exact meaning of the term “Ariel” is uncertain. Of the options mentioned in the esv footnote (29:2), “altar hearth” seems the best for this context. Jerusalem is the place where sacrifices are consumed by fire in order to satisfy God’s wrath against sin.
Isa. 29:2 God will distress Ariel through the Assyrians. she shall be to me like an Ariel. Like a place where the wrath of God burns.
Isa. 29:5–8 See 37:36–38. And in an instant, suddenly, you will be visited by the Lord of hosts. God will deliver them from the Assyrians (29:7–8). For “Lord of hosts,” see note on 1 Sam. 1:3.
Isa. 29:13–14 honor me with their lips. Outwardly proper worship offends God if it is not motivated by faith (which is why Jesus quotes v. 13 in Matt. 15:8–9).
Isa. 29:15–16 Judah’s leaders are reduced to the secrecy of underhanded human politics. For them, the sovereign God might as well not exist.
Isa. 29:17–21 Despite human unbelief, God plans to transform the moral order of the world. The metaphors of v. 17 are explained in vv. 18–21. The gospel of Christ is God’s means of accomplishing this transformation (see 61:1–3).
Isa. 29:22–24 Despite their failures, God will keep his promises to Abraham’s descendants.
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