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Study :: Bible Study Notes :: ESV Global Study Bible :: Footnotes for Isaiah 13
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ESV Global Study Bible :: Footnotes for Isaiah 13

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References for Isa 13:2 —  1   2   3   4 

Isa. 13:1–27:13 God’s Judgment and Grace for the World: “We Have a Strong City.” Isaiah stresses God’s complete power over all the nations. God rules history to achieve his goals.

Isa. 13:1–20:6 A series of five oracles reveal God ruling over Babylon and Assyria (13:1–14:27), Philistia (14:28–32), Moab (15:1–16:14), Damascus/Israel (17:1–18:7), and Egypt (19:1–20:6). The OT prophets give numerous oracles about other nations. As universal Creator, the God of Israel is not limited to Israel but holds all nations accountable for their deeds (see 13:11; compare Rom. 3:29–30).

Isa. 13:1 oracle. A prophetic message (see 2:1). Isaiah sees in Babylon the proud evil that sets the whole world against God (13:11, 19; see Gen. 11:1–9; Isa. 14:26; Dan. 4:30; Rev. 18:2–3).

Isa. 13:2 raise a signal. God calls armies to invade Babylon.

Isa. 13:3 my consecrated ones. God uses the enemies of Babylon for his own purpose (see 10:5–15; 45:1).

Isa. 13:5–6 As the esv footnote explains, the whole land can also be translated “the whole earth” (likewise v. 9).

Isa. 13:12 This refers to the thorough destruction of “the arrogant” and “the ruthless” of v. 11.

Isa. 13:17 The Medes conquered Babylon in 539 b.c. (see Jer. 51:11; Dan. 5:30–31).

Isa. 13:19 Great Babylon will be destroyed just like Sodom and Gomorrah were.

Isa. 13:20–22 It will never be inhabited. This eerie scene contrasts with the magnificence of v. 19 and the messianic paradise of 11:6–8 (see similar imagery in 34:11–15; Jer. 50:39; Zeph. 2:14–15).

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