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Ezek. 25:1–32:32 Oracles against Foreign Nations. At this moment in the dramatic downfall of Jerusalem, Ezekiel’s focus shifts. The fate of the city is left hanging as he presents a collection of oracles against foreign nations. Not all the oracles are dated, but most seem to fall within the period 587–585 b.c. (for the exception, see note on 29:17–21). Several other prophetic books include prophecies addressed to nations other than Israel and Judah (e.g., Isaiah 13–23; Jeremiah 46–51; Amos 1–2; Zephaniah 2). The primary purpose of such prophecies is to show that all peoples are under the authority of the King of kings, whether for judgment or for blessing. The reasons for judgment tend to be the same in both the foreign and domestic oracles within a given book. In Ezekiel, Judah and Jerusalem are punished for impurity and oppression, and so are the foreign nations. However, Ezekiel often simply announces God’s opposition to these nations without offering an explicit reason for the opposition. The oracles unfold in three large sections: first, Judah’s nearest neighbors are condemned (Ezekiel 25), followed by extended oracles against Tyre (chs. 26–28) and Egypt (chs. 29–32). Two smaller oracles—one against Sidon, the other looking to Israel’s regathering—are included at the halfway point (28:20–26). In all, seven nations stand condemned.
Ezek. 25:1–17 Apart from the old northern kingdom of Israel, Judah had four immediate neighbors. They were Ammon on the northeast (vv. 1–7), Moab to the east across the Dead Sea (vv. 8–11), Edom to the south (vv. 12–14), and Philistia to the west (vv. 15–17). Excluding Philistia, but including Tyre and Sidon (chs. 26–28), these nations joined with Judah against Babylon early in Zedekiah’s reign (see Jer. 27:3). Each of these oracles has a similar structure, as well as similar content: condemnation for arrogant cruelty toward Judah.
Ezek. 25:3 The leading reason for judgment against Ammon is the insult they gave to my sanctuary. God’s reputation is the primary concern.
Ezek. 25:4 To punish Ammon, God uses the people of the East, that is, desert nomads. The people that even mighty Babylon could not conquer will fall to mere nomads.
Ezek. 25:12–14 The Lord assigned my people Israel to be the agent of his wrath against Edom, their long-time foe.
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