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Ezek. 18:1–32 God holds each generation accountable for its own sins.
Ezek. 18:1–4 The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and children’s teeth are set on edge. Despite the popularity of this proverb, says Ezekiel, the soul who sins shall die, not others. Compare Jer. 31:29–30.
Ezek. 18:5–18 Ezekiel describes three generations: a righteous father (vv. 5–9) and his wicked son (vv. 10–13), who in turns fathers a righteous son (vv. 14–18).
Ezek. 18:19–24 Why should not the son suffer for the iniquity of the father? Ezekiel anticipates his audience clinging to their traditional understanding, which is summarized in the now irrelevant proverb (vv. 1–2).
Ezek. 18:20–24 The soul who sins shall die. Verses 21–24 explain this teaching in what might seem a surprising way. Verses 21–22 consider the wicked person who then repents and lives rightly before God. Verse 24 considers the opposite scenario. Sandwiched between these is the central declaration of God’s “pleasure” (v. 23) in repentance, and a denial that he has any pleasure in the death of the wicked (see note on 33:11).
Ezek. 18:25–29 The way of the Lord is not just. “Just” has the sense of “weighed” or “measured,” that is, in conformity to a standard (compare 1 Sam. 2:3). This objection is amusing, coming from people who do not live justly.
Ezek. 18:30–32 Repentance is not being urged on Jerusalem, for the preceding chapters affirm that its destruction is assured. Rather, the exiles are pressed to repent and take responsibility for their moral lives. Thus the appeal is to make yourselves a new heart and spirit, in contrast to 11:19 and 36:26, where these are the gift of God. The fact that God is not pleased when anyone dies (18:32; compare v. 23 and note on 33:11) is the basis for the final command to turn, and live.
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