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Ex. 4:10–12 slow of speech and of tongue. The magicians and advisers in Pharaoh’s court were proud of their speaking abilities. Moses was fully justified in being concerned about his ability to present his case before Pharaoh.
Ex. 4:14 the anger of the Lord was kindled against Moses. Moses was responsible for doing what God had told him. Still, the Lord helps Moses by making Aaron his spokesman.
Ex. 4:16 He shall speak. A prophet is to speak only what God reveals, and all of what God reveals (see 7:1–2; Deut. 18:18–22). When God says that Moses shall be as God to Aaron, he is calling both of these men to faithfulness in speaking only what he reveals.
Ex. 4:18–31 These verses are a transition from Moses’ exile in Midian to his return to Egypt.
Ex. 4:21 I will harden his heart. The hardening of Pharaoh’s heart is referred to throughout chs. 4–14, emphasizing Pharaoh’s responsibility for his own actions (e.g., 8:15; 32; 9:34). However, the Lord states here that it is his sovereign hand that ultimately governs the events. Even if God hardens a sinner’s heart, however, that person still remains responsible for his sin. See Rom. 9:16–18.
Ex. 4:22–23 Israel is my firstborn son. God has remembered his covenant with Abraham (see Gen. 15:13–21). He will bring his people to the land promised to their fathers (see Gen. 15:16; 28:15). Israel’s true identity goes back to a time long before they had been in Egypt’s service.
Ex. 4:24–26 The covenant requires circumcision (Gen. 17:9–14). Failure to be circumcised may lead to being “cut off” (some form of severe punishment from God; see note on Ex. 12:15).
Ex. 4:27 Aaron is to meet Moses at the mountain of God, which is also where Moses first received the call to lead Israel out of Egypt (see 3:1 and note).
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