Ex. 33:1–23 This chapter describes the difficult time following the golden calf episode, as the Lord says he no longer will go among his people (v. 3).
Ex. 33:7–11 Although the Lord has said he will no longer go “among” his people (v. 3), hope remains because of his presence in the pillar of cloud (see 13:21; 14:19; 24:15) and his continued relationship with Moses, to whom he speaks face to face (33:8–11).
Ex. 33:12–16 God has promised to send an “angel” to lead his rebellious people into the land (v. 2), but Moses demands that the Lord himself go with them (v. 15). God agrees to do this, and his presence is demonstrated personally to Moses (33:17–34:28) and publicly as well (chs. 35–40).
Ex. 33:19 will show mercy on whom I will show mercy. Paul quotes these words in Rom. 9:15 to show that, when God shows mercy, it is because he has deliberately chosen to do so. See note on Ex. 34:6–7.
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