Ex. 22:2–3 There is no penalty for killing an intruder who breaks in during the night, but if the sun has risen on him, the person who kills him is held responsible. The law protects both the one who is surprised by a thief at night and the thief himself, who could be identified during the day and brought to the judges for punishment.
Ex. 22:9 In this case, as also in v. 12, a person steals his neighbor’s property by falsely claiming that he himself was the victim of a thief. Then, the person must pay double to his neighbor, which is the standard punishment for theft (see v. 4). The dishonest person would say “this is it” to indicate that “this is the item in dispute.”
Ex. 22:16–17 Although seduces probably implies mutual consent, the man must provide for the woman he has seduced, both by marrying her (unless the father utterly refuses) and by paying the bride-price (see Deut. 22:28–29), even if the father forbids the marriage. Since the bride-price was equivalent to several years’ wages, this amounts to a huge fine for premarital intercourse.
Ex. 22:22 The Lord repeatedly forbids the mistreatment of the widow and the fatherless child (e.g., Isa. 1:17, 23; Jer. 7:5–7; Zech. 7:10).
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