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Ex. 18:1–27 Jethro, the priest of Midian, Moses’ father-in-law (see 3:1; 4:18). These verses repeat and emphasize several times Jethro’s relationship to Moses.
Ex. 18:2 Zipporah was last mentioned traveling with Moses on the way back to Egypt (see 4:20, 24–26). The narrative does not describe why Moses sent her home, though it was probably for her safety. The interchange between Jethro and Moses appears to signify a relationship of peace and goodwill.
Ex. 18:3–4 The names of Moses’ sons remind Moses (and Israel) of his time as a sojourner (see 2:22) in another land and that Yahweh, the God of his father, was his help (see 3:6).
Ex. 18:5 The provision of water from a rock takes place at Horeb (see 17:6) while Israel is camped at Rephidim (17:1, 8). The reference to Moses being encamped at the mountain of God seems to indicate that the events of this chapter occur at the same place. From here Israel will make the short trip to Mount Sinai (19:2).
Ex. 18:8–12 Having heard what the Lord has done on Israel’s behalf, Jethro responds in a way that shows more faith than the response of those who had experienced the Lord’s power firsthand.
Ex. 18:13–26 Jethro upholds Moses’ role as the one through whom Israel would know the statutes of God and his laws (v. 16). He helps Moses find a way to have others bear the burden of judging the people (v. 22), thus ensuring their well-being.
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