Ex. 10:1 I have hardened his heart and the heart of his servants. From here on, it is usually the Lord who is referred to as hardening the heart of Pharaoh (see note on 4:21).
Ex. 10:2 The Lord has Moses tell Pharaoh several times that he brought the plagues to the Egyptians so that you may know that I am the Lord. Here, he reminds Moses that this is also his purpose for Israel (see 6:7).
Ex. 10:6 The warning, timing, and extent of this plague indicate that, like the hail of the seventh plague, it was not simply a normal experience.
Ex. 10:7 Like the magicians in 8:19, some of Pharaoh’s servants recognize what the plagues signify and boldly suggest to Pharaoh that he is not acting in his people’s best interest.
Ex. 10:8–11 Pharaoh listens to his servants (v. 7). For the first time he calls Moses and Aaron back before a plague begins. However, as before, Pharaoh responds to Moses’ answer with only partial obedience to the Lord’s command. Then he angrily sends them away.
Ex. 10:17 Pharaoh pleads with Moses and Aaron that his sin be forgiven only this once. Compare “This time I have sinned” (9:27; see also 9:14). He recognizes neither the nature of his actions nor the seriousness of what the plagues represent.
Ex. 10:19 Red Sea. See note on 13:18.
Ex. 10:24 Pharaoh has offered to let the Israelites go and sacrifice “within the land” (8:25), without “your little ones” (10:9–11), and now without your flocks and your herds. Pharaoh is trying to keep some control over Israel by offering these compromises. He continues to ignore what the Lord has told him to do.
Ex. 10:27–29 The interchange between Pharaoh and Moses in v. 28 may indicate that the warning of the tenth plague (11:4–8) comes while Moses is still in Pharaoh’s presence.
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