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Deut. 24:1–4 By charging his wife with some indecency, the first husband acquired her dowry—her father’s marriage present to her—when he divorced her. If she then remarried, she would have received a second dowry. If her second marriage ended, through either death or divorce, she would have been able to keep her second dowry. The first husband is forbidden to exploit her by remarrying her in order to acquire her second dowry. This is the only OT law about divorce. Elsewhere it is assumed that divorce will sometimes occur (e.g., Lev. 21:7, 14; Num. 30:9). See Jesus’ comments on Deut. 24:1–4 in Matt. 5:31–32. In Matt. 19:7, Pharisees use this law to defend their position on divorce. Jesus, however, refers all the way back to creation (Gen. 1:27; 2:24) to show God’s ideal plan for marriage. Deuteronomy 24:1–4 recognizes that people have hard hearts and will sometimes fall short of God’s ideal. It preserves a minimum level of civility in cases of divorce.
Deut. 24:5 The military exemption of one year gives the couple time to have at least one child and develop their relationship. Compare note on 20:5–7.
Deut. 24:6 mill or an upper millstone. If these items were taken as security for a loan, it could deprive a poor person of the ability to earn a living.
Deut. 24:7 that thief shall die. Kidnapping is regarded as theft. It is the only kind of theft that is punishable by death. purge the evil. See 13:5.
Deut. 24:8–9 Since a leprous disease makes a person unclean, a priest must make the official diagnosis. See Leviticus 13 and note on Lev. 13:1–59.
Deut. 24:10 not go into his house to collect his pledge. This law protects the dignity of the poor person who is forced into asking for a loan.
Deut. 24:12 not sleep in his pledge. A person’s cloak could not be taken as security for a loan because it probably also served as the person’s blanket (see v. 13; Amos 2:8).
Deut. 24:19–22 The blessings of the land are for the people as a whole to share. Compare 23:24–25, and see Lev. 19:9–10. See also this law in practice in Ruth 2.
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