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2 Sam 12:1–23 Through the prophet Nathan, God calls David to account for his sins of adultery and murder (ch. 11).
2 Sam 12:4 The rich man in Nathan’s story took the poor man’s lamb, just as David “took” Bathsheba (see 11:4). The Lord’s special concern for the poor is a major theme in the Bible. As his representative, the king was supposed to protect the poor against abuse by the powerful (Ex. 23:6; Lev. 19:15).
2 Sam 12:5–6 David is truly concerned about justice, when not blinded by his own passion. fourfold. See Ex. 22:1.
2 Sam 12:7–13 David has despised the Lord and his word.
2 Sam 12:8 gave you . . . your master’s wives. There is no other record of David marrying Saul’s wives, but he was certainly in a position to do so.
2 Sam 12:9 With the sword is a general term for causing violent death, as in 11:25.
2 Sam 12:10–11 the sword shall never depart from your house. David’s sons Amnon (13:29), Absalom (18:15), and Adonijah (1 Kings 2:25) all die by the sword. he shall lie with your wives in the sight of this sun. Absalom will rebel against David and publicly have sex with David’s concubines on a rooftop (2 Sam. 16:22).
2 Sam 12:13–14 David confesses his sin with Bathsheba and appears to repent. Yet the results of his actions remain: the child . . . shall die.
2 Sam 12:15–23 When the child falls ill, David hopes that the Lord might change his mind and let him live, so he petitions him with fasting. When the child died, David washed and anointed himself and ate, even though fasting and refraining from anointing were also part of ordinary mourning (1 Sam. 31:13; 2 Sam. 3:35; 14:2). He has accepted the Lord’s final verdict, knowing that the child will not return to me.
2 Sam 12:20 The house is presumably the tent where the ark of the covenant was housed (6:17).
2 Sam 12:23 I shall go to him seems to indicate that David expects a future personal reunion with the child.
2 Sam 12:24–25 First Chronicles 3:5 suggests that Solomon was the fourth son of David by Bathsheba. The line promised to David will continue through this son, and from this line the Messiah will eventually come (Matt. 1:6).
2 Sam 12:26–31 The author returns to the siege of Rabbah, last mentioned in 11:25. The city of waters was probably that section of the city that controlled the water supply. With no water, the inhabitants would soon have to surrender. Therefore, Joab calls David to come to the front so that he can get credit for the victory.
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