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2 Kings 17:1–41 The End of Israel. The authors describe the uprooting and scattering of Israel, which was prophesied long before (1 Kings 14:15) but was delayed because of God’s promises and his graciousness (2 Kings 10:30; 13:1–25; 14:23–29).
2 Kings 17:1–2 Hoshea was the last king over what remained of northern Israel after the Assyrian assault of 732 b.c. (15:27–31). He was evil . . . , yet not as the kings of Israel who were before him.
2 Kings 17:3–4 he had sent messengers to So, king of Egypt. Hoshea was a vassal to Shalmaneser V (727–722 b.c.), Tiglath-pileser’s successor as king of Assyria. When Hoshea later tried to establish a relationship with Egypt instead, the Assyrian king became angry.
2 Kings 17:6 the king of Assyria captured Samaria. Samaria fell after a three-year siege. Shalmaneser is identified as the conqueror, c. 722 b.c. (see also 18:9–10). This agrees with the Babylonian Chronicle, but Shalmaneser’s successor Sargon II (722–705 b.c.) claims this honor for himself in his inscriptions. The places of exile mentioned in this verse are scattered widely over the Assyrian Empire.
2 Kings 17:7–23 this occurred because the people of Israel had sinned (v. 7). The authors of 1–2 Kings give only this simple explanation for the end of the northern kingdom. The remainder of these verses give the details. Interestingly, some of the sins listed are those of Judah.
2 Kings 17:24–41 the king of Assyria brought people . . . and placed them in the cities of Samaria. Having sent the Israelites into exile, the Assyrians bring people from other nations to resettle the land. These new inhabitants of Israel thought they could worship the God of Israel while also serving their own gods (vv. 33, 40–41). But because he is the only God who truly exists, the Lord will not allow the worship of any false god (vv. 34–39).
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