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2 Kings 11:1–12:21 Joash. The destruction of the house of Ahab has greatly affected the house of David: Ahaziah (of Judah) has been killed, just like Jehoram (of Israel), and a number of Ahaziah’s relatives have suffered the same fate as Ahab’s relatives (10:12–14). Have the two houses become so identified in intermarriage (8:18, 27) that there is no longer any difference between them? Chapters 11–12 show that in fact the difference remains, for David’s house survives even the assault of the wicked Queen Athaliah, a Judean “Jezebel.”
2 Kings 11:1–3 Athaliah the mother of Ahaziah may have been a daughter of Jezebel (8:26); she is certainly as evil. The nurse’s willingness to endanger herself by saving the child Joash contrasts sharply with the cowardly leading men of Samaria in 10:1–7. See note on 2 Chron. 22:10–12.
2 Kings 11:5–8 This is the thing that you shall do. The palace guards are reassigned to provide security so that Joash can be crowned without interference by Athaliah.
2 Kings 11:10 spears and shields that had been King David’s. The commanders are making it clear that they have allied themselves with David’s cause. At the same time, the armor they are receiving can be passed on to the new king as symbols of his royal power.
2 Kings 11:12 the testimony. Joash is presented with a list of divinely ordained laws. For kings ruling under divine law, see Deut. 17:18–20; 1 Kings 2:3; 2 Kings 23:3.
2 Kings 11:14 The emphasis on custom is important, as the authors try to show that Joash is the rightful heir to the throne. The coronation takes place according to law and custom, and in full view of the people of the land.
2 Kings 11:17 Jehoiada. See notes on 2 Chron. 23:1–24:27; 23:3. The king and people once more identify themselves as the Lord’s people (compare Josh. 24:1–27; 2 Kings 23:1–3). At the same time, a covenant is made between the king and the people (compare 2 Sam. 5:1–3). After several years of bad leadership, they are redefining kingship in distinctively Israelite terms.
2 Kings 11:21 Joash, introduced by that name in v. 2, will be called Jehoash throughout most of ch. 12. He will be called Joash again only in 12:19, where his death is reported. See also note on 13:9.
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