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Today's Bible Reading :: 2 Samuel 22 - 24 (ESV)

2 Samuel 22Listen to the passage

2 Samuel 23Listen to the passage

2 Samuel 24Listen to the passage

2 Samuel 22

David’s Song of Deliverance

(Psa 18:1–50 )

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:1

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:1 - And David spoke to the LORD the words of this song on the day when the LORD delivered him from the hand of all his enemies, and from the hand of Saul.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:2

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:2 - He said,
“The LORD is my rock and my fortress and my deliverer,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:3

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:3 - my[fn] God, my rock, in whom I take refuge,
my shield, and the horn of my salvation,
my stronghold and my refuge,
my savior; you save me from violence.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:4

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:4 - I call upon the LORD, who is worthy to be praised,
and I am saved from my enemies.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:5

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:5 - “For the waves of death encompassed me,
the torrents of destruction assailed me;[fn]

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:6

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:6 - the cords of Sheol entangled me;
the snares of death confronted me.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:7

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:7 - “In my distress I called upon the LORD;
to my God I called.
From his temple he heard my voice,
and my cry came to his ears.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:8

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:8 - “Then the earth reeled and rocked;
the foundations of the heavens trembled
and quaked, because he was angry.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:9

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:9 - Smoke went up from his nostrils,[fn]
and devouring fire from his mouth;
glowing coals flamed forth from him.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:10

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:10 - He bowed the heavens and came down;
thick darkness was under his feet.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:11

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:11 - He rode on a cherub and flew;
he was seen on the wings of the wind.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:12

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:12 - He made darkness around him his canopy,
thick clouds, a gathering of water.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:13

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:13 - Out of the brightness before him
coals of fire flamed forth.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:14

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:14 - The LORD thundered from heaven,
and the Most High uttered his voice.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:15

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:15 - And he sent out arrows and scattered them;
lightning, and routed them.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:16

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:16 - Then the channels of the sea were seen;
the foundations of the world were laid bare,
at the rebuke of the LORD,
at the blast of the breath of his nostrils.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:17

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:17 - “He sent from on high, he took me;
he drew me out of many waters.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:18

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:18 - He rescued me from my strong enemy,
from those who hated me,
for they were too mighty for me.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:19

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:19 - They confronted me in the day of my calamity,
but the LORD was my support.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:20

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:20 - He brought me out into a broad place;
he rescued me, because he delighted in me.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:21

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:21 - “The LORD dealt with me according to my righteousness;
according to the cleanness of my hands he rewarded me.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:22

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:22 - For I have kept the ways of the LORD
and have not wickedly departed from my God.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:23

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:23 - For all his rules were before me,
and from his statutes I did not turn aside.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:24

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:24 - I was blameless before him,
and I kept myself from guilt.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:25

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:25 - And the LORD has rewarded me according to my righteousness,
according to my cleanness in his sight.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:26

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:26 - “With the merciful you show yourself merciful;
with the blameless man you show yourself blameless;

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:27

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:27 - with the purified you deal purely,
and with the crooked you make yourself seem tortuous.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:28

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:28 - You save a humble people,
but your eyes are on the haughty to bring them down.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:29

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:29 - For you are my lamp, O LORD,
and my God lightens my darkness.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:30

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:30 - For by you I can run against a troop,
and by my God I can leap over a wall.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:31

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:31 - This God—his way is perfect;
the word of the LORD proves true;
he is a shield for all those who take refuge in him.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:32

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:32 - “For who is God, but the LORD?
And who is a rock, except our God?

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:33

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:33 - This God is my strong refuge
and has made my[fn] way blameless.[fn]

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:34

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:34 - He made my feet like the feet of a deer
and set me secure on the heights.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:35

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:35 - He trains my hands for war,
so that my arms can bend a bow of bronze.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:36

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:36 - You have given me the shield of your salvation,
and your gentleness made me great.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:37

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:37 - You gave a wide place for my steps under me,
and my feet[fn] did not slip;

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:38

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:38 - I pursued my enemies and destroyed them,
and did not turn back until they were consumed.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:39

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:39 - I consumed them; I thrust them through, so that they did not rise;
they fell under my feet.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:40

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:40 - For you equipped me with strength for the battle;
you made those who rise against me sink under me.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:41

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:41 - You made my enemies turn their backs to me,[fn]
those who hated me, and I destroyed them.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:42

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:42 - They looked, but there was none to save;
they cried to the LORD, but he did not answer them.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:43

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:43 - I beat them fine as the dust of the earth;
I crushed them and stamped them down like the mire of the streets.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:44

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:44 - “You delivered me from strife with my people;[fn]
you kept me as the head of the nations;
people whom I had not known served me.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:45

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:45 - Foreigners came cringing to me;
as soon as they heard of me, they obeyed me.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:46

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:46 - Foreigners lost heart
and came trembling[fn] out of their fortresses.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:47

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:47 - “The LORD lives, and blessed be my rock,
and exalted be my God, the rock of my salvation,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:48

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:48 - the God who gave me vengeance
and brought down peoples under me,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:49

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:49 - who brought me out from my enemies;
you exalted me above those who rose against me;
you delivered me from men of violence.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:50

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:50 - “For this I will praise you, O LORD, among the nations,
and sing praises to your name.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 22:51

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 22:51 - Great salvation he brings[fn] to his king,
and shows steadfast love to his anointed,
to David and his offspring forever.”
ESV Footnotes
Septuagint (compare Psalm 18:2); Hebrew lacks my
Or terrified me
Or in his wrath
Or his; also verse 34
Compare Psalm 18:32; Hebrew he has blamelessly set my way free, or he has made my way spring up blamelessly
Hebrew ankles
Or You gave me my enemies’ necks
Septuagint with the peoples
Compare Psalm 18:45; Hebrew equipped themselves
Or He is a tower of salvation

2 Samuel 23

The Last Words of David

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:1

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:1 - Now these are the last words of David:
The oracle of David, the son of Jesse,
the oracle of the man who was raised on high,
the anointed of the God of Jacob,
the sweet psalmist of Israel:[fn]

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:2

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:2 - “The Spirit of the LORD speaks by me;
his word is on my tongue.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:3

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:3 - The God of Israel has spoken;
the Rock of Israel has said to me:
When one rules justly over men,
ruling in the fear of God,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:4

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:4 - he dawns on them like the morning light,
like the sun shining forth on a cloudless morning,
like rain[fn] that makes grass to sprout from the earth.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:5

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:5 - “For does not my house stand so with God?
For he has made with me an everlasting covenant,
ordered in all things and secure.
For will he not cause to prosper
all my help and my desire?

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:6

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:6 - But worthless men[fn] are all like thorns that are thrown away,
for they cannot be taken with the hand;

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:7

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:7 - but the man who touches them
arms himself with iron and the shaft of a spear,
and they are utterly consumed with fire.”[fn]

David’s Mighty Men

(1Ch 11:10–47 )

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:8

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:8 - These are the names of the mighty men whom David had: Josheb-basshebeth a Tahchemonite; he was chief of the three.[fn] He wielded his spear[fn] against eight hundred whom he killed at one time.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:9

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:9 - And next to him among the three mighty men was Eleazar the son of Dodo, son of Ahohi. He was with David when they defied the Philistines who were gathered there for battle, and the men of Israel withdrew.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:10

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:10 - He rose and struck down the Philistines until his hand was weary, and his hand clung to the sword. And the LORD brought about a great victory that day, and the men returned after him only to strip the slain.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:11

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:11 - And next to him was Shammah, the son of Agee the Hararite. The Philistines gathered together at Lehi,[fn] where there was a plot of ground full of lentils, and the men fled from the Philistines.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:12

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:12 - But he took his stand in the midst of the plot and defended it and struck down the Philistines, and the LORD worked a great victory.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:13

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:13 - And three of the thirty chief men went down and came about harvest time to David at the cave of Adullam, when a band of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:14

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:14 - David was then in the stronghold, and the garrison of the Philistines was then at Bethlehem.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:15

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:15 - And David said longingly, “Oh, that someone would give me water to drink from the well of Bethlehem that is by the gate!”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:16

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:16 - Then the three mighty men broke through the camp of the Philistines and drew water out of the well of Bethlehem that was by the gate and carried and brought it to David. But he would not drink of it. He poured it out to the LORD

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:17

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:17 - and said, “Far be it from me, O LORD, that I should do this. Shall I drink the blood of the men who went at the risk of their lives?” Therefore he would not drink it. These things the three mighty men did.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:18

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:18 - Now Abishai, the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of the thirty.[fn] And he wielded his spear against three hundred men[fn] and killed them and won a name beside the three.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:19

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:19 - He was the most renowned of the thirty[fn] and became their commander, but he did not attain to the three.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:20

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:20 - And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was a valiant man[fn] of Kabzeel, a doer of great deeds. He struck down two ariels[fn] of Moab. He also went down and struck down a lion in a pit on a day when snow had fallen.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:21

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:21 - And he struck down an Egyptian, a handsome man. The Egyptian had a spear in his hand, but Benaiah went down to him with a staff and snatched the spear out of the Egyptian’s hand and killed him with his own spear.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:22

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:22 - These things did Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and won a name beside the three mighty men.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:23

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:23 - He was renowned among the thirty, but he did not attain to the three. And David set him over his bodyguard.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:24

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:24 - Asahel the brother of Joab was one of the thirty; Elhanan the son of Dodo of Bethlehem,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:25

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:25 - Shammah of Harod, Elika of Harod,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:26

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:26 - Helez the Paltite, Ira the son of Ikkesh of Tekoa,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:27

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:27 - Abiezer of Anathoth, Mebunnai the Hushathite,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:28

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:28 - Zalmon the Ahohite, Maharai of Netophah,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:29

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:29 - Heleb the son of Baanah of Netophah, Ittai the son of Ribai of Gibeah of the people of Benjamin,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:30

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:30 - Benaiah of Pirathon, Hiddai of the brooks of Gaash,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:31

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:31 - Abi-albon the Arbathite, Azmaveth of Bahurim,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:32

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:32 - Eliahba the Shaalbonite, the sons of Jashen, Jonathan,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:33

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:33 - Shammah the Hararite, Ahiam the son of Sharar the Hararite,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:34

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:34 - Eliphelet the son of Ahasbai of Maacah, Eliam the son of Ahithophel the Gilonite,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:35

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:35 - Hezro[fn] of Carmel, Paarai the Arbite,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:36

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:36 - Igal the son of Nathan of Zobah, Bani the Gadite,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:37

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:37 - Zelek the Ammonite, Naharai of Beeroth, the armor-bearer of Joab the son of Zeruiah,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:38

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:38 - Ira the Ithrite, Gareb the Ithrite,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 23:39

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 23:39 - Uriah the Hittite: thirty-seven in all.
ESV Footnotes
Or the favorite of the songs of Israel
Hebrew from rain
Hebrew worthlessness
Hebrew consumed with fire in the sitting
Or of the captains
Compare 1 Chronicles 11:11; the meaning of the Hebrew expression is uncertain
Or gathered together as a camp
Two Hebrew manuscripts, Syriac; most Hebrew manuscripts three
Or slain ones
Compare 1 Chronicles 11:21; Hebrew Was he the most renowned of the three?
Or the son of Ishhai
The meaning of the word ariel is uncertain
Or Hezrai

2 Samuel 24

David’s Census

(1Ch 21:1–6 )

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:1

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:1 - Again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he incited David against them, saying, “Go, number Israel and Judah.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:2

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:2 - So the king said to Joab, the commander of the army,[fn] who was with him, “Go through all the tribes of Israel, from Dan to Beersheba, and number the people, that I may know the number of the people.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:3

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:3 - But Joab said to the king, “May the LORD your God add to the people a hundred times as many as they are, while the eyes of my lord the king still see it, but why does my lord the king delight in this thing?”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:4

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:4 - But the king’s word prevailed against Joab and the commanders of the army. So Joab and the commanders of the army went out from the presence of the king to number the people of Israel.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:5

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:5 - They crossed the Jordan and began from Aroer,[fn] and from the city that is in the middle of the valley, toward Gad and on to Jazer.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:6

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:6 - Then they came to Gilead, and to Kadesh in the land of the Hittites;[fn] and they came to Dan, and from Dan[fn] they went around to Sidon,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:7

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:7 - and came to the fortress of Tyre and to all the cities of the Hivites and Canaanites; and they went out to the Negeb of Judah at Beersheba.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:8

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:8 - So when they had gone through all the land, they came to Jerusalem at the end of nine months and twenty days.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:9

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:9 - And Joab gave the sum of the numbering of the people to the king: in Israel there were 800,000 valiant men who drew the sword, and the men of Judah were 500,000.

The Lord’s Judgment of David’s Sin

(1Ch 21:7–17 )

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:10

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:10 - But David’s heart struck him after he had numbered the people. And David said to the LORD, “I have sinned greatly in what I have done. But now, O LORD, please take away the iniquity of your servant, for I have done very foolishly.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:11

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:11 - And when David arose in the morning, the word of the LORD came to the prophet Gad, David’s seer, saying,

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:12

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:12 - “Go and say to David, ‘Thus says the LORD, Three things I offer[fn] you. Choose one of them, that I may do it to you.’”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:13

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:13 - So Gad came to David and told him, and said to him, “Shall three[fn] years of famine come to you in your land? Or will you flee three months before your foes while they pursue you? Or shall there be three days’ pestilence in your land? Now consider, and decide what answer I shall return to him who sent me.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:14

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:14 - Then David said to Gad, “I am in great distress. Let us fall into the hand of the LORD, for his mercy is great; but let me not fall into the hand of man.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:15

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:15 - So the LORD sent a pestilence on Israel from the morning until the appointed time. And there died of the people from Dan to Beersheba 70,000 men.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:16

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:16 - And when the angel stretched out his hand toward Jerusalem to destroy it, the LORD relented from the calamity and said to the angel who was working destruction among the people, “It is enough; now stay your hand.” And the angel of the LORD was by the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:17

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:17 - Then David spoke to the LORD when he saw the angel who was striking the people, and said, “Behold, I have sinned, and I have done wickedly. But these sheep, what have they done? Please let your hand be against me and against my father’s house.”

David Builds an Altar

(1Ch 21:18–27 )

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:18

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:18 - And Gad came that day to David and said to him, “Go up, raise an altar to the LORD on the threshing floor of Araunah the Jebusite.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:19

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:19 - So David went up at Gad’s word, as the LORD commanded.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:20

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:20 - And when Araunah looked down, he saw the king and his servants coming on toward him. And Araunah went out and paid homage to the king with his face to the ground.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:21

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:21 - And Araunah said, “Why has my lord the king come to his servant?” David said, “To buy the threshing floor from you, in order to build an altar to the LORD, that the plague may be averted from the people.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:22

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:22 - Then Araunah said to David, “Let my lord the king take and offer up what seems good to him. Here are the oxen for the burnt offering and the threshing sledges and the yokes of the oxen for the wood.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:23

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:23 - All this, O king, Araunah gives to the king.” And Araunah said to the king, “May the LORD your God accept you.”

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:24

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:24 - But the king said to Araunah, “No, but I will buy it from you for a price. I will not offer burnt offerings to the LORD my God that cost me nothing.” So David bought the threshing floor and the oxen for fifty shekels[fn] of silver.

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Unchecked Copy Box 2Sa 24:25

Unchecked Copy Box2Sa 24:25 - And David built there an altar to the LORD and offered burnt offerings and peace offerings. So the LORD responded to the plea for the land, and the plague was averted from Israel.
See the ESV Preface
ESV Footnotes
Septuagint to Joab and the commanders of the army
Septuagint; Hebrew encamped in Aroer
Septuagint; Hebrew to the land of Tahtim-hodshi
Septuagint; Hebrew they came to Dan-jaan and
Or hold over
Compare 1 Chronicles 21:12, Septuagint; Hebrew seven
A shekel was about 2/5 ounce or 11 grams
ESV

The Holy Bible, English Standard Version copyright © 2001, 2007, 2011, 2016, 2025 by Crossway Books and Bibles, a Publishing Ministry of Good News Publishers. Used by permission. All rights reserved.

See detailed copyright information.

For more information on this translation, see the ESV Preface.

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