I. עֶ֫בֶד 799 noun masculine slave, servant (on formation Lag
BN 77); —
ע׳ Genesis 9:25 +,
עָ֑בֶד Genesis 44:10 +; suffix
עַבְדִּי Genesis 26:24 +;
עַבְדְּךָ Genesis 19:19 +;
עַבְדֶּ֫ךָ Genesis 18:3 +; plural
עֲבָדִים Genesis 9:25 +,
עַבְדֵי Genesis 21:25 +, suffix
עֲבָדַי Leviticus 25:42 +,
עַבְדֵיכֶם Joshua 9:11 +, etc.; —
3. Servants, worshippers, of God: †
עַבְדֵי יהוה 2 Kings 9:7;
2 Kings 10:23;
Isaiah 54:17, compare
Genesis 50:17;
Isaiah 56:6;
עֲבָדָיו Deuteronomy 32:36 =
Psalm 135:14;
Isaiah 65:15;
Isaiah 66:14; Psalm 34:23; Psalm 69:37;
Nehemiah 2:20; ||
עַמּוֺ Psalm 105:25 compare
Deuteronomy 32:43;
עֲבָּדַי Isaiah 65:8,
9,
13 (twice in verse); Isa 69:13; Isa 69:14;
עֲבָדֶיךָ 1 Kings 8:23;
Isaiah 63:17 (||
שִׁבְטֵי נחלתך),
Psalm 89:51;
Psalm 90:13;
Psalm 90:16;
Psalm 102:15; Psalm 102:29;
Psalm 119:91;
Psalm 79:2;
Psalm 79:10 (||
חֲסִידֶיךָ); delivered from Egypt
Leviticus 25:42,
55 (twice in verse);
Leviticus 26:13 (P);
עַבְדְּךָ Psalm 119:125;
Psalm 143:2, ||
בֶּןאֲֿמָתֶ֑ךָ Psalm 86:16;
Psalm 116:16 (twice in verse); specifically angels
Job 4:18; and ancient worthies, patriarchs
Exodus 32:13 (J)
Deuteronomy 9:27; Abraham
Genesis 26:24 (J)
Psalm 105:6;
Psalm 105:42; Isaac
Genesis 24:14 (J); Jacob, Israel
Ezekiel 28:25;
Ezekiel 37:25;
1 Chronicles 16:13; Moses †
Exodus 14:31;
Joshua 18:7 (J)
Numbers 12:7,
8 (E)
Deuteronomy 34:5 (?)
Joshua 1:1,
2,
7,
13,
15;
Joshua 8:31,
33;
Joshua 9:24;
Joshua 11:12,
15;
Joshua 12:6 (twice in verse);
Joshua 13:8;
Joshua 14:7;
Joshua 22:2,
4,
5 (all D),
1 Kings 8:53,
56;
2 Kings 18:12;
2 Kings 21:8;
1 Chronicles 6:34;
2 Chronicles 1:3;
24:6,
9;
Nehemiah 1:8;
Nehemiah 9:14;
Nehemiah 10:30;
Psalm 105:26; Malachi 3:22;
Daniel 9:11; Joshua †
Joshua 24:29 (E)
Judges 2:8; Caleb †
Numbers 14:24 (J); Job †
Job 1:8;
Job 2:3;
Job 42:7,
8 (
3 times in verse); David
2 Samuel 3:18;
2 Samuel 7:5,
8,
26 +
27 times; Hezekiah †
2 Chronicles 32:16; Zerubbabel †
Haggai 2:23; Eliakim †
Isaiah 22:20. — The
צֶמַח Zechariah 3:8; compare
Zechariah 6:12 is also servant of
י׳ as Messianic builder of temple (see Br
MP 442 ff).
†5. Israel as a people is
servant of
׃י׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל Isaiah 41:8,
9;
Isaiah 44:21 (twice in verse);
Isaiah 49:3;
Psalm 136:22;
יעקב Isaiah 44:1;
Isaiah 44:2;
Isaiah 45:4;
Isaiah 48:20;
Jeremiah 30:10;
Jeremiah 46:27; Jeremiah 47:28;
עַבְדִּי =
עֶבֶד יהוה, ||
מַלְאָכִי, as having a mission to the nations
Isaiah 42:19 (twice in verse); and chosen as witness of
י׳ Isaiah 43:10. But there is also an ideal servant chosen and endowed with the divine Spirit to be a covenant of Israel and a light of the nations
Isaiah 42:1 (compare
Isaiah 42:2-6); formed to bring back Jacob, raise up the tribes, and become salvation to the end of the earth
Isaiah 49:5,
6,
7; bearing the sins of all as a lamb and a trespass-offering, and yet prospering and justifying many as interposing martyr
Isaiah 52:13;
Isaiah 53:11: many understand of ideal Israel, contrasted with the actual; others of personification || with Zion the wife and mother, distinguished from unworthy Israel as Zion from her apostate children; al. of ideal prophetic writer; al. of ideal prophetic person; al. (especially in
Isaiah 53) of an actual prophecy known to writer and his readers; [in any case it is Messianic, see
Matthew 8:16,
17;
12:16-21;
Luke 4:17-22;
Philippians 2:5-11]; see De
Isa ii. 174 Da
Expos. 1884, 358 ff. Di Du Che and others on
Isaiah 42;
Isaiah 53, Dr
Is 168 ff. Br
MP 345 ff., also Gie
Beitr. 146 ff. Berthol
Isaiah 53.
7. Phrases are: †
עבד (
היה), with
לְ person,
become servant to Genesis 9:26,
27;
Genesis 44:10,
16,
17,
33;
Genesis 47:19,
26 (J)
Deuteronomy 6:21;
Deuteronomy 15:17;
2 Samuel 8:14;
2 Kings 17:3;
2 Kings 24:1;
1 Chronicles 18:2,
6,
13;
2 Chronicles 10:7;
Proverbs 11:29;
Proverbs 12:9;
Proverbs 22:7; †
היה לעבד, with
לְ person,
Genesis 44:9 (J)
Genesis 50:18 (E)
1 Samuel 8:17;
1 Samuel 17:9 (twice in verse);
1 Samuel 27:12;
2 Samuel 8:2,
6;
Jeremiah 34:16;
כבשׁ לעבדים 2 Chronicles 28:10;
Nehemiah 5:5;
Jeremiah 34:11;
לקח לע׳ Genesis 43:18 (J)
2 Kings 4:1;
Job 40:28 [
Job 41:4].
See related Aramaic BDB entry
H5649.
Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew and English Lexicon, Unabridged, Electronic Database.
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